Campeão Mariana E, Reis Luciana, Leomil Luciana, de Oliveira Louisi, Otsuki Koko, Gardinali Piero, Pelz Oliver, Valle Rogerio, Thompson Fabiano L, Thompson Cristiane C
Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, MiamiFL, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jun 13;8:1019. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01019. eCollection 2017.
One consequence of oil production is the possibility of unplanned accidental oil spills; therefore, it is important to evaluate the potential of indigenous microorganisms (both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) from different oceanic basins to degrade oil. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial response during the biodegradation process of Brazilian crude oil, both with and without the addition of the dispersant Corexit 9500, using deep-sea water samples from the Amazon equatorial margin basins, Foz do Amazonas and Barreirinhas, in the dark and at low temperatures (4°C). We collected deep-sea samples in the field (about 2570 m below the sea surface), transported the samples back to the laboratory under controlled environmental conditions (5°C in the dark) and subsequently performed two laboratory biodegradation experiments that used metagenomics supported by classical microbiological methods and chemical analysis to elucidate both taxonomic and functional microbial diversity. We also analyzed several physical-chemical and biological parameters related to oil biodegradation. The concomitant depletion of dissolved oxygen levels, oil droplet density characteristic to oil biodegradation, and BTEX concentration with an increase in microbial counts revealed that oil can be degraded by the autochthonous deep-sea microbial communities. Indigenous bacteria (e.g., , and ), archaea (e.g., , and ), and eukaryotic microbes (e.g., Microsporidia, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota) from the Amazonian margin deep-sea water were involved in biodegradation of Brazilian crude oil within less than 48-days in both treatments, with and without dispersant, possibly transforming oil into microbial biomass that may fuel the marine food web.
石油生产的一个后果是可能发生意外的原油泄漏；因此，评估不同海洋盆地中本土微生物（原核生物和真核生物）降解石油的潜力非常重要。本研究的目的是利用来自亚马逊赤道边缘盆地、亚马逊河口和巴雷里尼亚斯的深海海水样本，在黑暗和低温（4°C）条件下，表征添加和不添加分散剂Corexit 9500时巴西原油生物降解过程中的微生物反应。我们在现场采集深海样本（海面以下约2570米），在受控环境条件下（黑暗中5°C）将样本运回实验室，随后进行了两项实验室生物降解实验，实验采用宏基因组学，并辅以经典微生物学方法和化学分析，以阐明微生物的分类和功能多样性。我们还分析了与石油生物降解相关的几个物理化学和生物学参数。溶解氧水平的同时消耗、石油生物降解特有的油滴密度以及随着微生物数量增加而降低的BTEX浓度表明，深海本地微生物群落可以降解石油。在添加和不添加分散剂的两种处理中，来自亚马逊边缘深海海水的本土细菌（如 、 和 ）、古菌（如 、 和 ）以及真核微生物（如微孢子虫、子囊菌门和担子菌门）在不到48天的时间内参与了巴西原油的生物降解，可能将石油转化为微生物生物量，为海洋食物网提供能量。
