Feijoo-Siota Lucía, Rama José Luis R, Sánchez-Pérez Angeles, Villa Tomás G
Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017 Jul;101(14):5591-5602. doi: 10.1007/s00253-017-8381-7. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
The classic genome organization of the bacterial chromosome is normally envisaged with all its genetic markers linked, thus forming a closed genetic circle of duplex stranded DNA (dsDNA) and several proteins in what it is called as "the bacterial nucleoid." This structure may be more or less corrugated depending on the physiological state of the bacterium (i.e., resting state or active growth) and is not surrounded by a double membrane as in eukayotic cells. The universality of the closed circle model in bacteria is however slowly changing, as new data emerge in different bacterial groups such as in Planctomycetes and related microorganisms, species of Borrelia, Streptomyces, Agrobacterium, or Phytoplasma. In these and possibly other microorganisms, the existence of complex formations of intracellular membranes or linear chromosomes is typical; all of these situations contributing to weakening the current cellular organization paradigm, i.e., prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells.
细菌染色体的经典基因组组织通常被设想为其所有遗传标记相互连接，从而形成一个双链DNA（dsDNA）的封闭遗传环以及存在于所谓“细菌类核”中的几种蛋白质。根据细菌的生理状态（即静止状态或活跃生长状态），这种结构可能或多或少会有褶皱，并且不像真核细胞那样被双层膜包围。然而，随着不同细菌类群（如浮霉菌门及其相关微生物、疏螺旋体属物种、链霉菌属、农杆菌属或植原体属）出现新的数据，细菌中闭环模型的普遍性正在缓慢改变。在这些以及可能的其他微生物中，细胞内膜或线性染色体的复杂结构的存在是典型的；所有这些情况都导致当前细胞组织范式（即原核细胞与真核细胞）受到削弱。
