Hemminki K, Vineis P
Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1985;5(4):251-318. doi: 10.1002/tcm.1770050405.
Epidemiologic literature regarding the possible association between malformations and 23 exposures or occupations other than pharmaceutical products, was analysed. The qualitative level of scientific evidence was classified into four categories: high (ethanol, methylmercury, PCBs, laboratory work), limited (anesthetic gases, carbon monoxide), low (hexachlorophene, LSD, nitrous oxide, smelter work, tobacco), and inadequate (all other exposures). Human data for exposures belonging to categories "high" and "limited" were quantitatively compared to results of animal teratogenicity tests of the relevant chemicals. Ethanol, methylmercury, and PCBs have caused malformations in experimental animals, and the effective doses have ranged from 0.2 to 8.0 times the effective human doses. Ethanol and PCBs caused similar types of lesions in some animal species as have been observed in humans.
分析了关于畸形与除药品以外的23种暴露因素或职业之间可能存在关联的流行病学文献。科学证据的定性水平分为四类：高（乙醇、甲基汞、多氯联苯、实验室工作）、有限（麻醉气体、一氧化碳）、低（六氯酚、麦角酸二乙酰胺、一氧化二氮、冶炼工作、烟草）和不足（所有其他暴露因素）。将“高”和“有限”类别中暴露因素的人类数据与相关化学品的动物致畸试验结果进行了定量比较。乙醇、甲基汞和多氯联苯在实验动物中导致了畸形，有效剂量范围为人类有效剂量的0.2至8.0倍。在某些动物物种中，乙醇和多氯联苯导致的病变类型与在人类中观察到的相似。
