Green James Ij
Prim Dent J. 2017 May 1;6(2):27-34. doi: 10.1308/205016817821281738.
a mouthguard, also known as a gumshield, mouth protector or sports guard is an appliance that covers the teeth and surrounding mucosa with the aim of preventing or reducing trauma to the teeth, gingival tissue, lips and jaws. The device is usually worn on the maxillary arch and works by separating the maxillary and mandibular dentition, protecting the teeth from the surrounding soft tissue, absorbing or redistributing shock and/or stabilising the mandible during traumatic jaw closure. They may also play a role in preventing and reducing concussion by absorbing impact forces that would otherwise be transmitted through the base of the skull to the brain, although the evidence for this is less conclusive. A mouthguard will usually fall into one of three categories: stock mouthguards (which are made ready to use and are believed to give the least protection), the mouth-formed or 'boil and bite' type (which are heated in hot water, placed in the mouth and moulded to the teeth) and custom-made mouthguards (which are usually made on a stone model of the maxillary teeth and surrounding tissue and are thought to give the most protection). These devices can be made from various materials but ethylene-vinyl acetate is by far the most popular material, probably because of the ease with which it can be used for the production of custom-made mouthguards. This paper gives a review of the role of mouthguards in preventing and reducing sports-related trauma and examines the materials that are used to fabricate them.
护齿器，也被称为牙龈保护罩、口腔保护器或运动护齿，是一种覆盖牙齿及周围黏膜的器具，旨在预防或减轻对牙齿、牙龈组织、嘴唇和颌骨的损伤。该装置通常佩戴在上颌牙弓上，通过分离上颌和下颌牙列来起作用，保护牙齿免受周围软组织的伤害，在创伤性颌骨闭合时吸收或重新分配冲击力和/或稳定下颌骨。它们还可能通过吸收原本会通过颅骨底部传递到大脑的冲击力，在预防和减轻脑震荡方面发挥作用，尽管这方面的证据尚不确凿。护齿器通常分为三类：成品护齿器（即已准备好使用的，据信防护效果最差）、口成型或“煮咬型”护齿器（在热水中加热后放入口中并根据牙齿塑形）和定制护齿器（通常根据上颌牙齿及周围组织的石膏模型制作，被认为防护效果最佳）。这些装置可以由各种材料制成，但乙烯 - 醋酸乙烯酯是目前最受欢迎的材料，可能是因为它便于用于制作定制护齿器。本文综述了护齿器在预防和减轻与运动相关损伤中的作用，并研究了用于制造它们的材料。
