Lee Dong Wook, Lee Junho, Hwang Inhwan
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2017 Dec;40:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.011. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
Among the many organelles in eukaryotic cells, chloroplasts have the most complex structure, with multiple suborganellar membranes, making protein targeting to chloroplasts, particularly to various suborganellar membranes, highly challenging. Multiple mechanisms function in the biogenesis of chloroplast membrane proteins. Nuclear-encoded nascent proteins can be targeted to the outer envelope membrane directly from the cytosol after translation, but their targeting to the inner envelope and thylakoid membranes requires multiple steps, including cytosolic sorting, translocation across the envelope membranes, sorting in the stroma, and insertion into their target membranes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the sorting mechanisms of proteins to the two envelope membranes and the thylakoid membrane, along with perspectives for future research.
在真核细胞的众多细胞器中，叶绿体具有最为复杂的结构，拥有多层亚细胞器膜，这使得蛋白质靶向叶绿体，尤其是靶向各种亚细胞器膜极具挑战性。叶绿体膜蛋白的生物合成涉及多种机制。核编码的新生蛋白在翻译后可直接从细胞质靶向到外膜，但它们靶向内膜和类囊体膜则需要多个步骤，包括细胞质分选、穿过内膜转运、在基质中分选以及插入到目标膜中。在本综述中，我们讨论了目前关于蛋白质分选到两层内膜和类囊体膜的机制的知识，以及未来研究的展望。
