University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland.
Division of Neuropaediatrics & Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Sep;80:457-475. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.013. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
The brain-gut-axis is an interdependent system affecting neural functions and controlling our eating behaviour. In recent decades, neuroimaging techniques have facilitated its investigation. We systematically looked into functional and neurochemical brain imaging studies investigating how key molecules such as ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, glucose and insulin influence the function of brain regions regulating appetite and satiety. Of the 349 studies published before July 2016 identified in the database search, 40 were included (27 on healthy and 13 on obese subjects). Our systematic review suggests that the plasma level of ghrelin, the gut hormone promoting appetite, is positively correlated with activation in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC), amygdala and insula and negatively correlated with activation in subcortical areas such as the hypothalamus. In contrast, the plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, PYY, GLP-1 affect the same brain regions conversely. Our study integrates previous investigations of the gut-brain matrix during food-intake and homeostatic regulation and may be of use for future meta-analyses of brain-gut interactions.
脑肠轴是一个相互依存的系统，影响神经功能并控制我们的进食行为。近几十年来，神经影像学技术促进了对其的研究。我们系统地研究了功能和神经化学脑成像研究，探讨了关键分子（如 ghrelin、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）、肽酪氨酸-酪氨酸（PYY）、胆囊收缩素（CCK）、瘦素、葡萄糖和胰岛素）如何影响调节食欲和饱腹感的脑区的功能。在数据库搜索中确定的 2016 年 7 月之前发表的 349 项研究中，有 40 项被纳入（27 项针对健康人群，13 项针对肥胖人群）。我们的系统综述表明，促进食欲的胃肠激素 ghrelin 的血浆水平与前额叶皮层（PFC）、杏仁核和岛叶的激活呈正相关，与下丘脑等皮质下区域的激活呈负相关。相比之下，血糖、胰岛素、瘦素、PYY、GLP-1 的血浆水平则相反地影响着相同的脑区。我们的研究整合了之前对进食和体内平衡调节期间的肠脑基质的研究，可能对未来的脑肠相互作用的荟萃分析有用。
