Renecker L A, Olsen C D
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1985 Dec 1;187(11):1199-201.
Four captive moose (Alces alces), 4 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and 5 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were immobilized with xylazine (0.63 to 1.29 mg/kg of body weight, IM). Mean induction times for the moose were 17 minutes and for the deer, 14 and 10 minutes, respectively. According to published data and past experience, the dosage of xylazine used would be expected to provide 115, 120, and 100 minutes of immobilization in captive moose, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, respectively. In the present study, maximal sedation of the moose and deer was reversed with successive injections (given IV) of yohimbine (0.15 mg/kg) and 4-aminopyridine (0.26 to 0.29 mg/kg). These produced sternal recumbency-to-arousal intervals of 1 to 15 minutes and recumbency-to-standing or walking intervals of 1 to 24 minutes. Relapses to recumbency were not observed. The injections of the reversal drugs produced marked increases in respiratory rate and heart in the moose and deer, without occurrence of muscle tremors or convulsions. The administrations of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine markedly enhanced the speed of recovery from xylazine-induced immobilization in moose and deer.
四只圈养的驼鹿（驼鹿属）、四只骡鹿（黑尾鹿）和五只白尾鹿（弗吉尼亚鹿）用赛拉嗪（0.63至1.29毫克/千克体重，肌肉注射）进行麻醉。驼鹿的平均诱导时间为17分钟，骡鹿和白尾鹿的平均诱导时间分别为14分钟和10分钟。根据已发表的数据和以往经验，所用赛拉嗪的剂量预计分别能使圈养的驼鹿、骡鹿和白尾鹿麻醉115分钟、120分钟和100分钟。在本研究中，通过连续静脉注射育亨宾（0.15毫克/千克）和4-氨基吡啶（0.26至0.29毫克/千克）来逆转驼鹿和鹿的最大镇静状态。这些药物使胸骨卧位至苏醒的间隔时间为1至15分钟，卧位至站立或行走的间隔时间为1至24分钟。未观察到重新卧倒的情况。注射逆转药物使驼鹿和鹿的呼吸频率和心率显著增加，未出现肌肉震颤或抽搐。育亨宾和4-氨基吡啶的给药显著提高了驼鹿和鹿从赛拉嗪诱导的麻醉状态中恢复的速度。
