Judd F K, Burrows G D, Norman T R
J Affect Disord. 1985 Nov;9(3):271-84. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(85)90058-8.
The DSM-III divides anxiety disorders into two broad categories, Phobic Disorders and Anxiety States. Anxiety states characterised by panic attacks have been separated from generalised anxiety disorders. While this classification may not be generally accepted it is of heuristic value. Delineation of panic disorder as a distinct diagnostic entity has led to renewed efforts to identify a biological cause for the sudden severe somatic and psychological symptoms experienced by these patients. A review of evidence for the involvement of the major neurotransmitter systems is presented. Systematic investigations in DSM-III defined groups of patients are only beginning to be reported. It is difficult as yet to draw any definite conclusions, but some tentative evidence for abnormalities of the noradrenergic system and the GABA-benzodiazepine chloride ionophore receptor complex are emerging. The reliable induction of panic attacks by chemical agents provides the promise of a greater understanding of the possible biological mechanisms involved in this anxiety disorder.
《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM - III）将焦虑症分为两大类：恐惧症和焦虑状态。以惊恐发作为特征的焦虑状态已从广泛性焦虑症中分离出来。虽然这种分类可能未被普遍接受，但具有启发价值。将惊恐障碍界定为一个独特的诊断实体，促使人们重新努力寻找这些患者突然出现的严重躯体和心理症状的生物学原因。本文对主要神经递质系统参与其中的证据进行了综述。对DSM - III定义的患者群体的系统研究才刚刚开始有报道。目前很难得出任何明确结论，但有关去甲肾上腺素能系统和γ-氨基丁酸 - 苯二氮䓬氯离子通道受体复合物异常的一些初步证据正在显现。化学制剂可可靠地诱发惊恐发作，这为更深入了解这种焦虑症可能涉及的生物学机制带来了希望。
