Harrell Reginal M
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, 2113 AnSc/AgEng Bldg, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Mar Drugs. 2017 Jun 24;15(7):197. doi: 10.3390/md15070197.
Normative ethical considerations of growth of the marine biotechnology and aquaculture disciplines in biopharming, food production, and marine products commercialization from a bioethical perspective have been limited. This paucity of information begs the question of what constitutes a bioethical approach (i.e., respect for individuals or autonomy; beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice) to marine biotechnology and aquaculture, and whether it is one that is appropriate for consideration. Currently, thoughtful discussion on the bioethical implications of use, development, and commercialization of marine organisms or their products, as well as potential environmental effects, defaults to human biomedicine as a model. One must question the validity of using human bioethical principlism moral norms for appropriating a responsible marine biotechnology and aquaculture ethic. When considering potential impacts within these disciplines, deference must be given to differing value systems in order to find common ground to advance knowledge and avoid emotive impasses that can hinder the science and its application. The import of bioethical considerations when conducting research and/or production is discussed. This discussion is directed toward applying bioethical principles toward technology used for food, biomedical development (e.g., biopharming), or as model species for advancement of knowledge for human diseases.
从生物伦理学角度来看，在生物制药、食品生产以及海产品商业化等领域，海洋生物技术和水产养殖学科发展中的规范性伦理考量一直有限。这种信息匮乏引发了一个问题：对于海洋生物技术和水产养殖而言，怎样才构成一种生物伦理学方法（即尊重个人或自主性、有益性、无害性和公正性），以及它是否是一种值得考虑的恰当方法。目前，关于海洋生物或其产品的使用、开发和商业化所涉及的生物伦理学影响以及潜在环境影响的深入讨论，默认以人类生物医学为模式。人们必须质疑将人类生物伦理学原则主义道德规范用于确立负责任的海洋生物技术和水产养殖伦理的有效性。在考虑这些学科内部的潜在影响时，必须尊重不同的价值体系，以便找到共同基础来推动知识进步，并避免可能阻碍科学及其应用的情绪化僵局。文中讨论了开展研究和/或生产时生物伦理学考量的重要性。该讨论旨在将生物伦理学原则应用于用于食品、生物医学开发（如生物制药）的技术，或应用于作为人类疾病知识进步的模式物种。
