Greening David W, Simpson Richard J, Sparrow Rosemary L
Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
Transfusion Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1619:31-42. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7057-5_3.
Platelets are specialized cellular elements of the blood that play central roles in physiologic and pathologic processes of hemostasis, wound healing, host defense, thrombosis, inflammation, and tumor metastasis. Activation of platelets is crucial for platelet function that includes a complex interplay of adhesion, signaling molecules, and release of bioactive factors. Transfusion of platelet concentrates is an important treatment component for thrombocytopenia and bleeding. Recent progress in high-throughput mRNA and protein profiling techniques has advanced the understanding of platelet biological functions toward identifying novel platelet-expressed and secreted proteins, analyzing functional changes between normal and pathologic states, and determining the effects of processing and storage on platelet concentrates for transfusion. It is important to understand the different standard methods of platelet preparation and how they differ from the perspective for use as research samples in clinical chemistry. Two simple methods are described here for the preparation of research-scale platelet samples from whole blood, and detailed notes are provided about the methods used for the preparation of platelet concentrates for transfusion.
血小板是血液中的特殊细胞成分，在止血、伤口愈合、宿主防御、血栓形成、炎症和肿瘤转移等生理和病理过程中起着核心作用。血小板的激活对于血小板功能至关重要，这包括黏附、信号分子以及生物活性因子释放之间的复杂相互作用。输注血小板浓缩物是治疗血小板减少症和出血的重要组成部分。高通量mRNA和蛋白质分析技术的最新进展，推动了对血小板生物学功能的理解，有助于识别新的血小板表达和分泌蛋白、分析正常状态与病理状态之间的功能变化，以及确定加工和储存对用于输血的血小板浓缩物的影响。了解不同的血小板制备标准方法以及它们在用作临床化学研究样本方面的差异很重要。这里介绍了两种从全血制备研究规模血小板样本的简单方法，并提供了有关用于制备输血用血小板浓缩物的方法的详细说明。
