寒冷诱发的过敏反应：一名9岁儿童的病例及文献综述

Cold-induced Anaphylaxis: The Case of a 9-year-old Child and Review of the Literature.

作者信息

Romita Paolo, Mascia Paola, Calogiuri Gianfranco, Foti Caterina

机构信息

Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, Bari. Italy.

Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Civil Hospital Sacro Cuore, Gallipoli (Lecce). Italy.

出版信息

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2017;17(2):96-99. doi: 10.2174/1871530317666170703122939.

DOI:10.2174/1871530317666170703122939

PMID:28675997

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

The present review investigated cold-induced anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs after exposure to cold stimuli and is characterized by respiratory distress and/or hypotension. Anaphylaxis is rarely associated to cold-induced urticarial (CU), a particular form of physical urticaria that is difficult to diagnose and manage. The incidence of cold-induced urticaria has been estimated at about 0.05%, higher in colder regions and in women; its pathological mechanisms are still unknown.

METHODS

The literature was searched via the Medline/PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/ pubmed).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Patients affected by CU should be well-informed about the risk of anaphylaxis and preventive measures. The prevention of CU is based on the avoidance of cold exposure. The most effective treatment is antihistamines symptomatic therapy. Anyway, patients should also carry with them an emergency kit containing corticosteroids, antihistamines and an epinephrine injector. Future studies are necessary to determine the CU pathophysiology so to establish a more targeted management of this important and potentially life-threatening condition.

摘要

背景与目的

本综述研究了寒冷诱发的过敏反应，这是一种在接触寒冷刺激后发生的、可能危及生命的疾病，其特征为呼吸窘迫和/或低血压。过敏反应很少与寒冷性荨麻疹（CU）相关，寒冷性荨麻疹是物理性荨麻疹的一种特殊形式，难以诊断和处理。据估计，寒冷性荨麻疹的发病率约为0.05%，在较寒冷地区及女性中发病率更高；其病理机制仍不清楚。

方法

通过Medline/PubMed数据库（http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed）检索文献。

结果与结论

应让患有寒冷性荨麻疹的患者充分了解过敏反应的风险及预防措施。寒冷性荨麻疹的预防基于避免暴露于寒冷环境。最有效的治疗方法是抗组胺药对症治疗。无论如何，患者还应随身携带一个急救包，里面装有皮质类固醇、抗组胺药和肾上腺素注射器。有必要开展进一步研究以确定寒冷性荨麻疹的病理生理学，从而对这种重要且可能危及生命的疾病建立更具针对性的管理方法。