阿片类物质在新精神活性物质网络框架下：一个复杂的药理学和毒理学问题。
Opioids in the Frame of New Psychoactive Substances Network: A Complex Pharmacological and Toxicological Issue.
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
出版信息
Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2018;11(2):97-108. doi: 10.2174/1874467210666170704110146.
BACKGROUND
New psychoactive substances (NPS), often referred to as "legal highs" or "designer drugs", are derivatives and analogues of existing psychoactive drugs that are introduced in the recreational market to circumvent existing legislation on drugs of abuse.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to gather the state of the art regarding chemical, molecular pharmacology and toxicological information of opioid class of NPS.
METHODS
Chemical, pharmacological, toxicological and clinical effects of opioid class of NPS were searched in books and in PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) without a limiting period.
RESULTS
Within this class, fentanyl analogues are among the most frequently abused and pose several clinical concerns and therefore will be thoroughly discussed. Other opioid sub-categories of NPS frequently misused include AH-7921, MT-45, U-47700, U-50488, desomorphine, mitragynine, tramadol, tapentadol, salvinorin A and its analogue herkinorin.
CONCLUSION
Due to inefficient monitoring techniques, as well as limited knowledge regarding the acute and long-term effects of opioids NPS, further clinical and forensic toxicological studies are required.
背景
新精神活性物质（NPS），通常被称为“合法兴奋剂”或“设计药物”，是现有精神活性药物的衍生物和类似物，它们被引入娱乐市场，以规避现有的滥用药物立法。
目的
本系统评价旨在收集有关阿片类 NPS 的化学、分子药理学和毒理学信息的最新知识。
方法
在没有时间限制的情况下，在书籍和 PubMed（美国国家医学图书馆）中搜索阿片类 NPS 的化学、药理学、毒理学和临床效应。
结果
在该类别中，芬太尼类似物是最常被滥用的药物之一，存在多种临床问题，因此将对其进行详细讨论。其他经常被滥用的阿片类 NPS 亚类包括 AH-7921、MT-45、U-47700、U-50488、脱氧吗啡、育亨宾、曲马多、他喷他多、萨利福林 A 及其类似物海洛因林。
结论
由于监测技术效率低下，以及对阿片类 NPS 的急性和长期影响的知识有限，需要进一步进行临床和法医毒理学研究。
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