Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Inserm U-1173, Raymond Poincare hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France.
Curr Pharm Des. 2017 Jan 30;23(36):5487-5495. doi: 10.2174/1381612823666170704124156.
New psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged in a threatening way in the last decades. They are sold via the internet or head shops with several names (bath salts, Research chemical, RCs, Legal Highs) and forms (pills, tablets, powder...etc.), and are labelled ambiguously to escape governmental legislation. Designer drugs belong to different chemical classes, but cathinones derivatives presented the most prevalent group. In 2013, this group accounted for 30% of NPS seizures in Europe with more than 450 different compounds, including 101 new molecules reported for the first time in 2014. The increased number of NPS as being sold in parallel market has led several countries to adopt different strategies either on individual surveillance of new emerging drugs or more efficiently on generic control regrouping a wide number of isomers and structurally similar compounds. The identification of these substances is a challenge for toxicologists, which requires sensitive and specific analytical methods based on LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. The usefulness of hair as an alternative matrix for prevalence studies was proved since it offers an overview on drug exposure with a large detection window over weeks or even months and years according to the length of the hair strand. However, as for many drugs of abuse, prevalence studies on cathinones derivatives use are still scarce. Self-reported use or case reports provide most of the available data. The aim of this paper is to provide an update review on prevalence and surveillance of synthetic cathinones use conducted by hair analysis, excluding case report.
新精神活性物质（NPS）在过去几十年中以威胁的方式出现。它们通过互联网或专卖店以多种名称（浴盐、研究用化学品、RC、合法兴奋剂）和形式（药丸、片剂、粉末……等）出售，并贴上模糊标签以逃避政府立法。设计药物属于不同的化学类别，但苯丙胺类衍生物是最常见的一组。2013 年，这一组在欧洲的 NPS 缉获物中占 30%，有超过 450 种不同的化合物，其中包括 2014 年首次报告的 101 种新分子。由于在平行市场上销售的 NPS 数量增加，一些国家采取了不同的策略，要么对新出现的药物进行个体监测，要么更有效地进行通用控制，将大量的异构体和结构相似的化合物进行分组。这些物质的鉴定对毒理学家来说是一个挑战，需要基于 LC-MS/MS 或 GC-MS 的敏感和特异的分析方法。毛发作为流行研究替代基质的有效性已经得到证明，因为它提供了一个关于药物暴露的概述，具有数周甚至数月至数年的大检测窗口，具体取决于毛发的长度。然而，对于许多滥用药物，关于苯丙胺类衍生物使用的流行研究仍然很少。自我报告的使用或病例报告提供了大部分可用数据。本文的目的是提供一个关于毛发分析进行的合成苯丙胺类使用的流行和监测的最新综述，不包括病例报告。
