Oxford Institute of Population Ageing,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
Cambridge Institute of Public Health,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2017 Dec;26(6):579-583. doi: 10.1017/S2045796017000324. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
The extension of life does not appear to be slowing, representing a great achievement for mankind as well as a challenge for ageing populations. As we move towards an increasingly older population we will need to find novel ways for individuals to make the best of the challenges they face, as the likelihood of encountering some form of adversity increases with age. Resilience theories share a common idea that individuals who manage to navigate adversity and maintain high levels of functioning demonstrate resilience. Traditional models of healthy ageing suggest that having a high level of functioning across a number of domains is a requirement. The addition of adversity to the healthy ageing model via resilience makes this concept much more accessible and more amenable to the ageing population. Through asset-based approaches, such as the invoking of individual, social and environmental resources, it is hoped that greater resilience can be fostered at a population level. Interventions aimed at fostering greater resilience may take many forms; however, there is great potential to increase social and environmental resources through public policy interventions. The wellbeing of the individual must be the focus of these efforts; quality of life is an integral component to the enjoyment of additional years and should not be overlooked. Therefore, it will become increasingly important to use resilience as a public health concept and to intervene through policy to foster greater resilience by increasing resources available to older people. Fostering wellbeing in the face of increasing adversity has significant implications for ageing individuals and society as a whole.
寿命的延长似乎并没有放缓，这是人类的一大成就，也是老龄化人口的一大挑战。随着人口老龄化程度的不断加深，我们需要寻找新的方法，让个人在面对挑战时尽可能地发挥出最佳水平，因为随着年龄的增长，遭遇某种逆境的可能性会增加。韧性理论有一个共同的观点，即能够应对逆境并保持高水平功能的个体表现出韧性。传统的健康老龄化模型表明，在多个领域拥有高水平的功能是一个要求。通过韧性将逆境纳入健康老龄化模型，使这个概念更加容易理解，也更适合老龄化人口。通过基于资产的方法，如调用个人、社会和环境资源，可以希望在人口层面培养更强的韧性。旨在培养更强韧性的干预措施可能有多种形式；然而，通过公共政策干预措施增加社会和环境资源具有很大的潜力。个人的幸福必须是这些努力的重点；生活质量是享受额外岁月的一个组成部分，不应被忽视。因此，将韧性作为一个公共卫生概念来使用，并通过政策干预来增加老年人可用的资源，以培养更强的韧性，将变得越来越重要。在面对日益增加的逆境时，培养幸福感对个体和整个社会都具有重要意义。
