Lewis J H
J Clin Gastroenterol. 1985 Dec;7(6):539-52. doi: 10.1097/00004836-198512000-00021.
Hiccups result from a wide variety of conditions that act on the supraspinal hiccup center or that stimulate or disinhibit the limbs of its reflex arc. While scores of hiccup remedies have been reported over the centuries, no single "cure" stands out as being the most effective. Measures that stimulate the uvula or pharynx or disrupt diaphragmatic (respiratory) rhythm are simple to use and often help to speed the end of a bout of otherwise benign, self-limited hiccups. Such manueuvers may also terminate persistent hiccups. Drug therapy usually becomes necessary for more intractable hiccups; chlorpromazine and metoclopramide being two of the most widely employed agents for this purpose. Physical disruption of the phrenic nerve, hypnosis, and acupuncture are other modes of therapy that have been used in severe cases. Because so many reports of hiccup "cures" are based on anecdotal experience rather than controlled clinical studies, I review the available treatments to provide a rational approach for the management of hiccups.
呃逆由多种作用于脊髓上呃逆中枢的情况引起，或者刺激或抑制其反射弧的分支。几个世纪以来，虽然有大量关于呃逆治疗方法的报道，但没有一种单一的“治愈方法”脱颖而出成为最有效的方法。刺激悬雍垂或咽部或扰乱膈肌（呼吸）节律的措施使用简单，通常有助于加速良性、自限性呃逆发作的结束。这些操作也可能终止持续性呃逆。对于更顽固的呃逆，通常需要药物治疗；氯丙嗪和甲氧氯普胺是为此目的最广泛使用的两种药物。膈神经的物理干扰、催眠和针灸是在严重病例中使用的其他治疗方式。由于许多关于呃逆“治愈方法”的报道是基于轶事经验而非对照临床研究，我回顾了现有的治疗方法，以提供一种合理的呃逆管理方法。
