Ramilo David W, Nunes Telmo, Madeira Sara, Boinas Fernando, da Fonseca Isabel Pereira
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
PLoS One. 2017 Jul 6;12(7):e0180606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180606. eCollection 2017.
Vector-borne diseases are not only accounted responsible for their burden on human health-care systems, but also known to cause economic constraints to livestock and animal production. Animals are affected directly by the transmitted pathogens and indirectly when animal movement is restricted. Distribution of such diseases depends on climatic and social factors, namely, environmental changes, globalization, trade and unplanned urbanization. Culicoides biting midges are responsible for the transmission of several pathogenic agents with relevant economic impact. Due to a fragmentary knowledge of their ecology, occurrence is difficult to predict consequently, limiting the control of these arthropod vectors. In order to understand the distribution of Culicoides species, in mainland Portugal, data collected during the National Entomologic Surveillance Program for Bluetongue disease (2005-2013), were used for statistical evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was preformed and prediction maps (per season) were obtained for vector and potentially vector species. The variables used at the present study were selected from WorldClim (two climatic variables) and CORINE databases (twenty-two land cover variables). This work points to an opposite distribution of C. imicola and species from the Obsoletus group within mainland Portugal. Such findings are evidenced in autumn, with the former appearing in Central and Southern regions. Although appearing northwards, on summer and autumn, C. newsteadi reveals a similar distribution to C. imicola. The species C. punctatus appears in all Portuguese territory throughout the year. Contrary, C. pulicaris is poorly caught in all areas of mainland Portugal, being paradoxical present near coastal areas and higher altitude regions.
媒介传播疾病不仅给人类医疗保健系统带来负担，还会对畜牧业和动物生产造成经济制约。动物会直接受到传播病原体的影响，在动物活动受限的情况下也会受到间接影响。此类疾病的分布取决于气候和社会因素，即环境变化、全球化、贸易和无规划的城市化。库蠓叮咬蠓传播多种具有重大经济影响的病原体。由于对其生态了解不全面，其出现难以预测，因此限制了对这些节肢动物媒介的控制。为了解葡萄牙大陆库蠓种类的分布情况，在全国蓝舌病昆虫学监测项目（2005 - 2013年）期间收集的数据被用于统计评估。进行了逻辑回归分析，并获得了（按季节）媒介和潜在媒介种类的预测图。本研究中使用的变量选自世界气候数据库（两个气候变量）和陆地覆盖信息协调分类系统数据库（二十二个土地覆盖变量）。这项工作表明在葡萄牙大陆内，伊氏库蠓和废弃库蠓组的种类分布相反。秋季的情况证明了这一发现，前者出现在中部和南部地区。虽然在夏季和秋季向北出现，但纽氏库蠓的分布与伊氏库蠓相似。斑点库蠓全年出现在葡萄牙全境。相反，普氏库蠓在葡萄牙大陆所有地区捕获量都很少，矛盾的是在沿海地区和高海拔地区附近出现。
