Embade Nieves, Millet Oscar
Protein Stability and Inherited Diseases Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160-Derio, Bizkaia. Spain.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2017;17(24):2752-2766. doi: 10.2174/1568026617666170707124539.
Chronic liver diseases are one of the major causess of mortality worldwide. It can manifest through many different forms including chronic virus infection, alcohol abuse, metabolic syndromes such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. At early stages, the liver can repair the damage produced by the insult. However, upon continuous damage, the accumulation of molecules triggers fibrosis, which subsequently progresses towards cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocarcinoma. Early diagnosis of liver disease and a proper staging of fibrosis are crucial in therapy since drugs are only effective at incipient and intermediate stages of the disease. In this context, liver biopsy is the gold standard, but it is invasive and can produce complications. Metabolomics has emerged as a potent discipline to identify new biomarkers in a non-invasive way. Here, we compile and critically review the existing NMR-based metabolomics studies on chronic liver diseases, specifically covering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and those produced by virus infection.
慢性肝病是全球主要死因之一。它可通过多种不同形式表现出来，包括慢性病毒感染、酒精滥用、代谢综合征，如非酒精性脂肪性肝病和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎。在早期阶段，肝脏能够修复损伤。然而，持续损伤后，分子的积累会引发纤维化，随后发展为肝硬化，最终导致肝癌。肝病的早期诊断和纤维化的准确分期在治疗中至关重要，因为药物仅在疾病的初期和中期有效。在此背景下，肝活检是金标准，但它具有侵入性且可能产生并发症。代谢组学已成为一种强有力的学科，能够以非侵入性方式识别新的生物标志物。在此，我们汇总并批判性地综述了现有的基于核磁共振的慢性肝病代谢组学研究，特别涵盖了非酒精性脂肪性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、酒精性肝病以及病毒感染所致的肝病。
