Soares Herbert S, Marcili Arlei, Barbieri Amália R M, Minervino Antonio H H, Malheiros Antonio F, Gennari Solange M, Labruna Marcelo B
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Mestrado em Medicina e Bem estar animal, Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Eneas de Siqueira Neto, 340, São Paulo, 04529-300, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2017 Oct;174:82-87. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.006. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
During 2009-2012, wild animals were sampled in the Amazon biome of Brazil. Animal tissues and blood were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting DNA of the bacterial family Anaplasmataceae (genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Wolbachia) and the genus Borrelia. Overall, 181 wild animals comprising 36 different species (2 reptiles, 5 birds, and 29 mammals) were sampled. All birds and reptiles were negative by all PCR assays, as well as all mammals for the Borrelia PCR assay. Anaplasmataceae agents were searched by PCR assays targeting two different genes, the ribosomal 16S rRNA gene and the protein-coding dsb gene. Three dsb closely related haplotypes were generated from 3 white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari). In a phylogenetic analysis inferred from dsb partial sequences, these haplotypes grouped with previously reported Ehrlichia haplotypes from jaguar (Panthera onca) and horse from Brazil, suggesting that they could all represent a single species, yet to be properly characterized. A unique dsb haplotype was generated from a sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), and could also represent a different Ehrlichia species. All these dsb haplotypes formed a clade sister to the Ehrlichia ruminantium clade. Three distinct 16S rRNA gene haplotypes were generated from a wild guinea pig (Cavia sp.), a woolly mouse opossum (Micoureus demerarae), and two from robust capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.). In a phylogenetic analysis inferred from 16S rRNA gene partial sequence, these haplotypes grouped within the Wolbachia clade, and are likely to represent Wolbachia organisms that were infecting invertebrate metazoarians (e.g., filarids) associated with the sampled mammals. Two deer (Mazama americana) samples yielded two distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences, one identical to several sequences of Anaplasma bovis, and an unique sequence that grouped in a clade with different Anaplasma species. Our results indicate that a variety of genetically distinct Anaplasmataceae organisms, including potentially new Ehrlichia species, circulate under natural conditions in the Amazonian wildlife.
2009年至2012年期间，在巴西的亚马逊生物群落对野生动物进行了采样。通过针对无形体科（无形体属、埃立克体属、沃尔巴克氏体属）细菌DNA以及疏螺旋体属的聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测动物组织和血液。总共采样了181只野生动物，涵盖36个不同物种（2种爬行动物、5种鸟类和29种哺乳动物）。所有鸟类和爬行动物的所有PCR检测均为阴性，所有哺乳动物的疏螺旋体PCR检测也均为阴性。通过针对两个不同基因（核糖体16S rRNA基因和蛋白质编码dsb基因）的PCR检测来搜索无形体科病原体。从3只白唇野猪（草原西貒）中产生了3个与dsb密切相关的单倍型。在根据dsb部分序列推断的系统发育分析中，这些单倍型与先前报道的来自巴西美洲豹（潘氏豹）和马的埃立克体单倍型归为一类，这表明它们可能都代表一个尚未得到恰当鉴定的单一物种。从一只树懒（三趾树懒）中产生了一个独特的dsb单倍型，它也可能代表一个不同的埃立克体物种。所有这些dsb单倍型形成了一个与反刍兽埃立克体进化枝为姐妹的进化枝。从一只野生豚鼠（豚鼠属）、一只绵毛负鼠（德氏绵毛负鼠）中产生了3个不同的16S rRNA基因单倍型，从两只健壮卷尾猴（卷尾猴属）中产生了2个16S rRNA基因单倍型。在根据16S rRNA基因部分序列推断的系统发育分析中，这些单倍型归入沃尔巴克氏体进化枝，很可能代表感染了与采样哺乳动物相关的无脊椎后生动物（如丝虫）的沃尔巴克氏体生物体。两份鹿（美洲鹿）样本产生了两个不同的16S rRNA基因序列，一个与牛无形体的几个序列相同，另一个独特序列与不同的无形体物种归为一个进化枝。我们的结果表明，包括潜在新埃立克体物种在内的多种遗传上不同的无形体科生物体在亚马逊野生动物的自然条件下传播。
