Thomas Hoben, Fassbender Ina
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, United States.
Department of Developmental Psychology, Ruhr-University BochumBochum, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jun 23;8:1016. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01016. eCollection 2017.
When employing designs young infants' looking style is related to their development: Short looking (SL) infants are cognitively accelerated over their long looking (LL) peers. In fact, looking style is a variable, and depends on infant 's look distribution over trials. For the paired array setting, a model is provided which specifies the probability, π ∈ [0, 1], that is SL. The model is employed in a face preference study; 74 Caucasian infants were longitudinally assessed at 3, 6, and 9 months. Each viewed same race (Caucasian) vs. other race (African) faces. Infants become SL with development, but there are huge individual differences in rate of change over age. Three month LL infants, [Formula: see text], preferred other race faces. SL infants, [Formula: see text], preferring same race faces at 3, and other race faces at 6 and 9 months. Looking style changes precede and may control changes in face preference. Ignoring looking style can be misleading: Without considering looking style, 3 month infants show no face preference.
在研究中发现，小婴儿的注视方式与他们的发育有关：短注视（SL）婴儿在认知发展上比长注视（LL）同龄人更快。实际上，注视方式是一个变量，它取决于婴儿在多次试验中的注视分布情况。对于配对阵列设置，提供了一个模型，该模型指定了婴儿为短注视的概率π ∈ [0, 1]。此模型用于一项面部偏好研究；对74名白人婴儿在3个月、6个月和9个月时进行了纵向评估。每个婴儿都观看同种族（白人）与其他种族（非洲人）的面孔。随着发育，婴儿会变为短注视，但在年龄增长过程中的变化速度存在巨大的个体差异。3个月大的长注视婴儿，[公式：见原文]，更喜欢其他种族的面孔。短注视婴儿，[公式：见原文]，在3个月时更喜欢同种族面孔，而在6个月和9个月时更喜欢其他种族面孔。注视方式的变化先于并可能控制面部偏好的变化。忽略注视方式可能会产生误导：如果不考虑注视方式，3个月大的婴儿没有表现出面部偏好。
