Haney J Christopher, Jodice Patrick G R, Montevecchi William A, Evers David C
Terra Mar Applied Sciences, LLC, 123 W. Nye Lane, Suite 129, Carson City, NV, 89706, USA.
U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Jul;73(1):33-39. doi: 10.1007/s00244-016-0355-8. Epub 2017 Jul 10.
We synthesize impediments for evaluating effects to seabirds from open ocean hydrocarbon releases. Effects on seabirds from ship discharges, spills, and well blowouts often are poorly detected and monitored far from land. Regulatory regimes for ocean spills can result in monitoring efforts that are not entirely transparent. We illustrate how interdisciplinary technologies address deficits that hamper individual or population level assessments for seabirds, and we demonstrate where emerging technologies might be engaged to bridge gaps in oil spill monitoring. Although acute mortality from direct oil exposure poses the greatest risk to seabirds, other hazards from light-attraction, flaring, collisions, chronic pollution, and hydrocarbon inhalation around oil infrastructure also may induce bird mortality in the deep ocean.
我们综合了评估公海碳氢化合物泄漏对海鸟影响的障碍因素。船舶排放、泄漏和井喷对海鸟的影响，在远离陆地的区域往往很难被察觉和监测。海洋泄漏的监管制度可能导致监测工作并不完全透明。我们阐述了跨学科技术如何解决阻碍对海鸟进行个体或种群水平评估的缺陷，并展示了新兴技术可以在哪些方面用于弥合石油泄漏监测中的差距。虽然直接接触油污导致的急性死亡对海鸟构成最大风险，但石油基础设施周围的光吸引、燃烧、碰撞、慢性污染和碳氢化合物吸入等其他危害，也可能在深海导致鸟类死亡。
