Çetin Hüseyin, Özbel Yusuf
Akdeniz Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Antalya, Türkiye.
Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2017 Jun;41(2):102-113. doi: 10.5152/tpd.2017.5296.
The main aim of managing arthropod vectors that carry the disease agents is interrupting the infection cycle. Therefore, the management of the disease implies that all precautions related to all elements (i.e., human, arthropod vector, and reservoir) in the infection cycle need to be taken. There are important points that need to be considered while dealing with sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), which in many regions worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, are vectors of diseases such as leishmaniasis and sand fly fever and are the arthropods of the infection cycle. Because the larval control of the sand flies is very difficult and almost impossible, the management is mainly conducted for the adults. The most effective strategy for reducing both sand fly fever and leishmaniasis is managing sand flies, particularly in areas where humans are located. In this review, the morphology, biology, and taxonomy of sand flies; the integrated fighting and management methods such as insecticide-impregnated bed nets and use of curtains, zooprophylaxis, indoor and outdoor residual applications, larvicides, repellents, and insecticide-impregnated dog collars; and data regarding many issues such as insecticide resistance in sand flies have been emphasized on in the review.
管理携带病原体的节肢动物媒介的主要目的是中断感染循环。因此，疾病的管理意味着需要针对感染循环中的所有要素（即人类、节肢动物媒介和宿主）采取所有相关预防措施。在应对白蛉（双翅目：毛蠓科：白蛉亚科）时，有一些要点需要考虑，在世界许多地区，特别是热带和亚热带地区，白蛉是利什曼病和白蛉热等疾病的媒介，也是感染循环中的节肢动物。由于对白蛉幼虫的控制非常困难且几乎不可能，管理主要针对成虫进行。减少白蛉热和利什曼病的最有效策略是管理白蛉，特别是在人类居住的地区。在这篇综述中，强调了白蛉的形态学、生物学和分类学；综合防治和管理方法，如杀虫剂浸渍蚊帐和窗帘的使用、动物诱避、室内外残留喷洒、杀幼虫剂、驱避剂和杀虫剂浸渍狗项圈；以及关于白蛉抗药性等许多问题的数据。
