Loss of MD1 exacerbates pressure overload-induced left ventricular structural and electrical remodelling.

Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) has been implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes, including immune regulation, obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. However, the role of MD1 in cardiac remodelling remains incompletely understood. We used MD1-knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates to determine the functional significance of MD1 in the regulation of aortic banding (AB)-induced left ventricular (LV) structural and electrical remodelling and its underlying mechanisms. After 4 weeks of AB, MD1-KO hearts showed substantial aggravation of LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, LV dilation and dysfunction, and electrical remodelling, which resulted in overt heart failure and increased electrophysiological instability. Moreover, MD1-KO-AB cardiomyocytes showed increased diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca leak, reduced Ca transient amplitude and SR Ca content, decreased SR Ca-ATPase2 expression, and increased phospholamban and Na/Ca-exchanger 1 protein expression. Mechanistically, the adverse effects of MD1 deletion on LV remodelling were related to hyperactivated CaMKII signalling and increased impairment of intracellular Ca homeostasis, whereas the increased electrophysiological instability was partly attributed to exaggerated prolongation of cardiac repolarisation, decreased action potential duration alternans threshold, and increased diastolic SR Ca leak. Therefore, our study on MD1 could provide new therapeutic strategies for preventing/treating heart failure.