Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(35):5301-5314. doi: 10.2174/1381612823666170710121348.
Melanoma shows a high possibility of mortality after it metastasizes because of its aggressive nature. Although there are several options for anti-melanoma therapy, this skin malignancy is resistant to some therapies. Chemotherapy, biochemotherapy, immunotherapy, and adoptive cell therapy have failed to exhibit a significant amelioration in overall survival. Nanomedicine provides an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the antimelanoma regimen. Nanoparticles for treating melanoma provide the advantages over conventional therapies such as drug solubility increment, drug stability enhancement, epithelium permeability and bioavailability amelioration, half-life prolonging, tumor targeting, and side effect minimization. Polymeric nanocarriers are the most extensively studied platforms for the treatment of a variety of cancers. The polymers' sophisticated material engineering tailors the controllable physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles for melanoma penetration via passive and active delivery. The present study highlights the recent progress on the development of polymeric nanoparticles for melanoma treatment. We describe the concepts and improvement mechanisms of the nanomedical techniques for melanoma treatment. Passive targeting by modifying the structure and physicochemical characters of polymeric nanocarriers is a strategy for efficient drug delivery to the melanoma and its metastasis. On the other hand, active targeting such as peptide or antibody conjugation is another approach delivering the drugs or genes to the nidus site by the nanocarriers. This review offers an overview of the benefits of polymeric nanosystems for treating melanoma.
黑色素瘤具有侵袭性，转移后死亡率极高。尽管有几种抗黑色素瘤治疗选择，但这种皮肤恶性肿瘤对某些治疗方法具有抗性。化疗、生物化疗、免疫疗法和过继细胞疗法都未能显著改善总生存期。纳米医学为提高抗黑色素瘤方案的效率提供了机会。用于治疗黑色素瘤的纳米颗粒具有优于传统疗法的优势，如增加药物溶解度、增强药物稳定性、改善上皮通透性和生物利用度、延长半衰期、靶向肿瘤和最小化副作用。聚合物纳米载体是治疗各种癌症最广泛研究的平台。聚合物的复杂材料工程可以调整纳米颗粒的可控物理化学特性，通过被动和主动传递来穿透黑色素瘤。本研究强调了聚合物纳米颗粒治疗黑色素瘤的最新进展。我们描述了用于黑色素瘤治疗的纳米医学技术的概念和改进机制。通过修饰聚合物纳米载体的结构和物理化学特性进行被动靶向是将药物有效递送至黑色素瘤及其转移部位的策略。另一方面，主动靶向，如肽或抗体偶联，是通过纳米载体将药物或基因递送至病灶部位的另一种方法。本综述概述了聚合物纳米系统治疗黑色素瘤的优势。
