Yang Lawrence H, Wong Liang Y, Grivel Margaux M, Hasin Deborah S
aDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University bDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health cTeachers College, Columbia University dDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons eNew York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017 Sep;30(5):378-388. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000351.
To collect and update published information on the stigma associated with substance abuse in nonclinical samples, which has not been recently reviewed.
Searching large databases, a total of only 17 articles were published since 1999, with the majority of studies conducted outside the United States. Using major stigma concepts from a sociological framework (stereotyping, devaluation in terms of status loss, discrimination, and negative emotional reactions), the studies reviewed predominantly indicated that the public holds very stigmatized views toward individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), and that the level of stigma was higher toward individuals with SUDs than toward those with other psychiatric disorders.
The prevalence of SUDs is increasing in the US general population, but these disorders remain seriously undertreated. Stigma can reduce willingness of policymakers to allocate resources, reduce willingness of providers in nonspecialty settings to screen for and address substance abuse problems, and may limit willingness of individuals with such problems to seek treatment. All of these factors may help explain why so few individuals with SUDs receive treatment. Public education that reduces stigma and provides information about treatment is needed.
收集并更新已发表的关于非临床样本中与药物滥用相关污名的信息，近期尚无此类综述。
通过检索大型数据库，自1999年以来仅发表了17篇文章，大多数研究在美国以外进行。运用社会学框架中的主要污名概念（刻板印象、因地位丧失而贬值、歧视和负面情绪反应），所综述的研究主要表明，公众对患有物质使用障碍（SUDs）的个体持有非常污名化的观点，并且对患有SUDs的个体的污名化程度高于对患有其他精神疾病的个体。
在美国普通人群中，SUDs的患病率正在上升，但这些疾病的治疗仍严重不足。污名会降低政策制定者分配资源的意愿，降低非专科机构的提供者筛查和解决药物滥用问题的意愿，并且可能会限制有此类问题的个体寻求治疗的意愿。所有这些因素可能有助于解释为什么很少有SUDs患者接受治疗。需要开展减少污名并提供治疗信息的公众教育。
