Waxenegger Anja, Mayerl Hannes, Rásky Éva, Stolz Erwin, Freidl Wolfgang
Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich.
Gesundheitswesen. 2019 Feb;81(2):128-136. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-111234. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
Previous research has shown migrants to have a poorer health status than those without a migration background in many respects. So far, it is not completely clear whether the poorer health results of migrants are mainly the cause of their socioeconomic status (SES), which on average is lower than the SES of people without a migration background. The present study explores the question whether the fact of having a migration background has an impact on health, even though SES and health-related behavior are taken into account.
Based on data from the current Austrian Health Interview Survey (ATHIS 2014) multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age and stratified by gender, were conducted. The dependent variables were physical quality of life, psychological quality ofZ life, self-perceived health, body-mass-index (BMI), headaches/musculoskeletal pain, and diabetes/cardiovascular diseases (n=15,748).
We found differences in health between men and women with migration background and men and women without migration background. After adjusting for age, SES and health-related behavior, almost all of the revealed differences got smaller. The strongest link between migrant status and health status was detected for migrants from countries with a lower Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) in comparison to Austria.
The results lead to the conclusion that although SES and health-related behavior do not fully explain health differences between people with migration background and those without, they can explain the differences to a large extent. However, for the health status of migrants who stem from countries with a lower standard of living and a weaker distributive justice in comparison to Austria, further factors might play a role. With respect to this group of migrants, differences in health compared to non-migrants are not solely attributable to SES and health-related behavior.
以往研究表明，在许多方面，移民的健康状况比没有移民背景的人更差。到目前为止，尚不完全清楚移民较差的健康状况是否主要是其社会经济地位（SES）所致，移民的社会经济地位平均低于没有移民背景的人。本研究探讨了即使考虑了社会经济地位和与健康相关的行为，有移民背景这一事实是否会对健康产生影响。
基于奥地利当前健康访谈调查（ATHIS 2014）的数据，构建了经年龄调整并按性别分层的多元线性回归模型。因变量包括生活质量、心理生活质量、自我感知健康、体重指数（BMI）、头痛/肌肉骨骼疼痛以及糖尿病/心血管疾病（n = 15748）。
我们发现有移民背景的男性和女性与没有移民背景的男性和女性在健康方面存在差异。在调整年龄、社会经济地位和与健康相关的行为后，几乎所有显示出的差异都变小了。与奥地利相比，来自人类发展指数不平等调整后较低国家的移民，其移民身份与健康状况之间的联系最为紧密。
结果表明，尽管社会经济地位和与健康相关的行为不能完全解释有移民背景者与无移民背景者之间的健康差异，但它们在很大程度上可以解释这些差异。然而，对于来自生活水平较低且分配正义较弱国家（与奥地利相比）的移民的健康状况，可能还有其他因素在起作用。就这组移民而言，与非移民相比的健康差异并非完全归因于社会经济地位和与健康相关的行为。
