Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan.
Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of the Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2017 Jul 12;13(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s13002-017-0168-5.
Although, use of animal species in disease treatment and culture practices is as ancient as that of plant species; however ethnomedicinal uses and cultural values of animal species have rarely been reported. Present study is the first report on the medicinal uses of mammals and bird species in Pakistan.
Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were applied to collect qualitative and quantitative data from local informants (N = 109). Relative frequency of mention (RFM), fidelity level (FL), relative popularity level (RPL), similarity index (SI) and rank order priority (ROP) indices were used to analyzed the data.
One hundred and eight species of animals, which include: 83% birds and 17% mammals were documented. In total 30 mammalian and 28 birds' species were used to treat various diseases such as rheumatic disorders, skin infections and sexual weakness among several others. Fats, flesh, blood, milk and eggs were the most commonly utilized body parts. Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis, Capra aegagrus hircus, Felis domesticus, Lepus nigricollis dayanus and Ovis aries (mammals) and Anas platyrhynchos domesticus, Columba livia, Coturnix coturnix, Gallus gallus and Passer domesticus (birds) were the highly utilized species. Medicinal and cultural uses of 30% mammals and 46% birds were reported for the first time, whereas 33% mammals and 79% birds depicted zero similarity with previous reports.
Present study exhibits significant ethnozoological knowledge of local inhabitants and their strong association with animal species, which could be helpful in sustainable use of biodiversity of the region. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of biological activities in the mammalian and birds' species with maximum fidelity level and frequency of mention could be important to discover animal based novel drugs. Some commonly used mammals and birds species of the study area.
尽管动物物种在疾病治疗和文化实践中的应用与植物物种一样古老，但动物物种的民族医学用途和文化价值很少被报道。本研究首次报道了巴基斯坦哺乳动物和鸟类物种的药用用途。
采用问卷和半结构式访谈从当地知情者（N=109）收集定性和定量数据。使用相对提及频率（RFM）、保真度水平（FL）、相对流行水平（RPL）、相似指数（SI）和等级优先顺序（ROP）指数分析数据。
共记录了 108 种动物，其中 83%为鸟类，17%为哺乳动物。共有 30 种哺乳动物和 28 种鸟类被用于治疗各种疾病，如风湿性疾病、皮肤感染和性功能减退等。最常用的身体部位是脂肪、肉、血、奶和蛋。牛、水牛、绵羊、家猫、黑线姬鼠和绵羊（哺乳动物）和家鸭、家鸽、鹌鹑、鸡和麻雀（鸟类）是利用率较高的物种。30%的哺乳动物和 46%的鸟类的药用和文化用途是首次报道的，而 33%的哺乳动物和 79%的鸟类与以前的报道没有相似之处。
本研究展示了当地居民的重要民族动物学知识及其与动物物种的密切联系，这有助于该地区生物多样性的可持续利用。此外，对具有最大保真度水平和提及频率的哺乳动物和鸟类物种的生物活性进行体外和体内评估，对于发现基于动物的新型药物可能非常重要。研究区域内一些常用的哺乳动物和鸟类物种。
