Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2022 Aug 27;18(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s13002-022-00554-4.
Eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is home to a vast range of medicinal and edible waterbird species due to its diverse geographical environment. Waterbird species have been used for various ailments and cultural practices since ancient times, while ethno-pharmacological applications and cultural uses of waterbird species in this area have seldom been documented. This study is the first ethnomedicinal and cultural assessment of waterbird species, and the first compilation and listing of all known data on these species in Eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from native respondents (N = 100). To analyze the data, principal component analysis (PCA), relative frequency of citation (RFC), fidelity level (FL%), relative popularity level (RPL), rank order priority, and similarity index were used.
In total, 64 waterbird species were utilized in cultural practices, of which 40 species are used to cure different infectious and chronic diseases such as cold, cough, flu, fever, respiratory disorders, asthma, TB, gastric ulcers, kidney stones, male impotency, obesity, paralysis, piles, cancer, arthritis, body pain, and weakness. PCA showed significant differences in the use of waterbird species among the local inhabitants of the study area, separated along the axis-2 (p < 0.05). The FL% of waterbird species varied from 12 to 100%. 100% FL was analyzed for four waterbird species, i.e., Charadrius mongolus (cold), Gallicrex cinerea (asthma), Anas platyrhynchos (cancer), and Esacus recurvirostris (body weakness). In this study, Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) was the most popular species used in the healthcare system of Eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with high RFC (4.06), FL% (100), and RPL (1.0) values.
We concluded that waterbird species are more used for medicine and food purposes in the study area. However, in vitro/in vivo assessment of biochemical activities of waterbird species with a maximum FL% might be significant to produce novel drugs. Recent research shows important ethno-ornithological information about native people and their links with waterbird species, which might be helpful for the sustainable use of waterbird diversity in the research area.
由于其多样化的地理环境，东部开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦拥有大量药用和食用水鸟物种。自古以来，水鸟物种就被用于各种疾病和文化习俗，而该地区水鸟物种的民族药理学应用和文化用途却很少有记录。本研究是对水鸟物种的首次民族医学和文化评估，也是对巴基斯坦东部开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦所有已知水鸟物种数据的首次汇编和列表。
采用访谈和问卷调查的方式，从当地受访者（N=100）处收集数据。为了分析数据，采用了主成分分析（PCA）、相对引用频率（RFC）、保真度水平（FL%）、相对流行度水平（RPL）、等级顺序优先度和相似性指数。
总共有 64 种水鸟物种用于文化习俗，其中 40 种用于治疗感冒、咳嗽、流感、发烧、呼吸障碍、哮喘、肺结核、胃溃疡、肾结石、男性阳痿、肥胖、瘫痪、痔疮、癌症、关节炎、身体疼痛和虚弱等各种传染病和慢性病。PCA 显示，研究区域当地居民对水鸟物种的使用存在显著差异，沿着轴 2 分开（p<0.05）。水鸟物种的 FL% 从 12%到 100%不等。4 种水鸟物种的 FL% 为 100%，分别为 Charadrius mongolus（感冒）、Gallicrex cinerea（哮喘）、Anas platyrhynchos（癌症）和 Esacus recurvirostris（身体虚弱）。在本研究中，东部开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦医疗保健系统中最受欢迎的物种是 Mallard（Anas platyrhynchos），它的 RFC（4.06）、FL%（100）和 RPL（1.0）值都很高。
我们得出的结论是，水鸟物种在研究区域更多地用于医学和食品用途。然而，对具有最高 FL%的水鸟物种进行体内/体外生化活性评估可能对生产新型药物具有重要意义。最近的研究提供了有关当地人与水鸟物种之间联系的重要民族鸟类学信息，这可能有助于在研究区域内可持续利用水鸟多样性。
