Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Botany, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Environmental and Life Studies, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Aug;24(24):20093-20103. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9608-y. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
Calluna vulgaris, Carex rigida, Deschampsia flexuosa, Nardus stricta and Vaccinium myrtillus are abundant in the vegetation of mountainous areas in Northern and Central Europe. Knowledge of their ability to accumulate increased amounts of metals could be useful in the evaluation of environmental pollution in the alpine tundra of high mountains. Additionally, this investigation may contribute to understanding the rate and direction of recent vegetation change in Karkonosze and similar types of environments. Our investigation revealed that Carex rigida, C. vulgaris and V. myrtillus contain excessive Mn concentrations in shoots with the highest BF for this element compared to the BFs of other elements. C. rigida, with Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations exceeding the toxicity thresholds for plants, seems to be the best metal phytoaccumulator for Nardus stricta grasslands Carici (rigidae)-Nardetum (CrN) and alpine heathlands Carici (rigidae)-Festucetum airoidis (CrFa) associations in the Karkonosze. Based on relevant BFs >1, it can be stated that the following plant available metals were transferred to shoots: Cu, Mn and Ni by C. vulgaris; Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn by C. rigida; Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn by D. flexuosa; Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn by N. stricta and Cu, Mn and Zn by V. myrtillus.
欧洲北部和中部山区的植被中丰富地存在着普通帚石楠、硬叶苔草、羊胡子草、高山嵩草和越橘。了解它们积累大量金属的能力对于评估高山冻原地区的环境污染可能是有用的。此外，这项调查可能有助于理解喀尔巴阡山脉和类似环境中最近植被变化的速度和方向。我们的调查显示，硬叶苔草、普通帚石楠和越橘的茎中含有过高的 Mn 浓度，而这种元素的 BF 比其他元素的 BF 高。C. rigida 中 Cu、Mn 和 Zn 的浓度超过了植物的毒性阈值，对于高山嵩草草甸 Carici (rigidae)-Nardetum (CrN) 和高山石楠草地 Carici (rigidae)-Festucetum airoidis (CrFa) 群落的 Nardus stricta 草地来说，似乎是最好的金属植物累积物。根据相关的 BF>1，可以得出以下结论：Cu、Mn 和 Ni 被 C. vulgaris 转移到了茎中；Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni 和 Zn 被 C. rigida 转移到了茎中；Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni 和 Zn 被 D. flexuosa 转移到了茎中；Cu、Mn、Ni 和 Zn 被 N. stricta 转移到了茎中，Cu、Mn 和 Zn 被 V. myrtillus 转移到了茎中。
