Bryan Brielle
Department of Sociology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Demography. 2017 Aug;54(4):1477-1501. doi: 10.1007/s13524-017-0589-8.
Previous research has suggested that adolescent peers influence behavior and provide social support during a critical developmental period, but few studies have addressed the antecedents of adolescent social networks. Research on the collateral consequences of incarceration has explored the implications of parental incarceration for children's behavioral problems, academic achievement, health, and housing stability, but not their social networks. Using network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I find that adolescents with recently incarcerated fathers are in socially marginal positions in their schools and befriend more-marginal peers than other adolescents: their friends are less advantaged, less academically successful, and more delinquent than other adolescents' friends. Differences in network outcomes are robust to a variety of specifications and are consistent across race and gender subgroups. This study advances the social networks literature by exploring how familial characteristics can shape adolescent social networks and contributes to the collateral consequences of incarceration literature by using network analysis to consider how mass incarceration may promote intergenerational social marginalization.
以往的研究表明，青少年同龄人在关键的发育时期会影响行为并提供社会支持，但很少有研究探讨青少年社交网络的成因。关于监禁附带后果的研究探讨了父母监禁对孩子行为问题、学业成绩、健康和住房稳定性的影响，但未涉及他们的社交网络。利用来自全国青少年健康纵向研究的网络数据，我发现，父亲近期被监禁的青少年在学校处于社会边缘地位，与其他青少年相比，他们结交的同龄人更边缘化：他们的朋友在经济上不如其他青少年的朋友优越，学业上也不如他们成功，且比其他青少年的朋友更易犯罪。网络结果的差异在各种设定下都很稳健，并且在不同种族和性别的子群体中都是一致的。本研究通过探索家庭特征如何塑造青少年社交网络，推动了社交网络领域的文献发展；同时，通过运用网络分析来考量大规模监禁如何可能导致代际社会边缘化，也为监禁附带后果的文献做出了贡献。
