Liu Xue-Feng, Hummel Mary, Abecassis Michael
Comprehensive Transplant Center, Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611.
Intern Med Rev (Wash D C). 2017 Mar;3(3). doi: 10.18103/imr.v3i3.385.
Myeloid cells are important cell types that carry human cytomegalovirus. Latent viral DNA is present in CD34+ progenitor cells and their derived monocytes. However, differentiation of latently infected monocytes to mature macrophages or dendritic cells causes reactivation of latent viruses. During hematopoietic development, pluripotent genes are repressed, and lineage specific genes are activated in a step-wise manner. This process is governed by cell-type specific chromatin states. Enhancers in the hematopoietic system are highly dynamic and established by pioneer (first tier) transcription factors (TFs), which set the stage for second and third tier TF binding. In this review, we examine the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate myeloid cell development, cell identity, and activation with a special focus on factors that regulate viral gene expression and the status of viral infection in myeloid cells.
髓系细胞是携带人类巨细胞病毒的重要细胞类型。潜伏性病毒DNA存在于CD34+祖细胞及其衍生的单核细胞中。然而，潜伏感染的单核细胞分化为成熟巨噬细胞或树突状细胞会导致潜伏病毒的重新激活。在造血发育过程中，多能基因被抑制，谱系特异性基因以逐步方式被激活。这个过程由细胞类型特异性染色质状态控制。造血系统中的增强子高度动态，由先驱（第一层）转录因子建立，为第二层和第三层转录因子的结合奠定基础。在这篇综述中，我们研究了调节髓系细胞发育、细胞特性和激活的表观遗传机制，特别关注调节病毒基因表达的因素以及髓系细胞中病毒感染的状态。
