Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Medicine, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom.
Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2018 Mar;17(1):e29-e37. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.06.009. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with its 2 most common entities, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, causes an increased risk of developing intestinal cancers. In fact, malignancies are the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in both sexes of patients with IBD. Risk factors for colorectal cancer in IBD correlate with the duration of the disease, extent of disease, the association with primary sclerosing cholangitis, family history, and early age at onset. Patients with IBD also have an increased risk for developing a variety of extraintestinal malignancies. In particular, lymphomas, mostly non-Hodgkin lymphomas and skin cancers, are more frequently observed in IBD patients. Longstanding inflammation and the degree of immunosuppression as a result of IBD treatment appear to be the main driving factors for IBD-related carcinogenesis. This review provides an update on the clinical and pathological features of IBD-related intestinal and extraintestinal malignancies.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括两种最常见的疾病，溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病，它们会增加罹患肠道癌症的风险。事实上，在 IBD 患者中，癌症是继心血管疾病之后第二大致死原因，无论男女皆然。IBD 相关结直肠癌的风险因素与疾病持续时间、疾病范围、与原发性硬化性胆管炎的关联、家族史以及发病年龄有关。IBD 患者还存在罹患多种肠外恶性肿瘤的风险。特别是，淋巴瘤，主要是非霍奇金淋巴瘤和皮肤癌，在 IBD 患者中更为常见。长期的炎症以及 IBD 治疗导致的免疫抑制程度似乎是 IBD 相关致癌的主要驱动因素。本文综述了 IBD 相关肠内和肠外恶性肿瘤的临床和病理特征。
