Lepers Romuald, Stapley Paul J, Cattagni Thomas
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018 Mar 1;13(3):394-397. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0222. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Age-related declines in sport performance are characteristic of all endurance and sprinting disciplines. However, it is not known if the mode of locomotion (ie, swimming, cycling or running) influences the age-related decline in sport performance in sprinting and endurance events.
To examine the age-related decline in 3 different modes of locomotion (ie, swimming, cycling, and running) for endurance and sprint events, the world-best performances achieved for men in the age groups 18-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and 80-84 y were compared in swimming (1500 and 50 m), cycling (1 h and 200 m), and running (10 and 100 m). Each performance was considered as an average speed (throughout the distance), and the age-related decline in performance was expressed as a percentage of the world record (regardless of age group) for that discipline.
The age-related decline in 1-h track cycling is less pronounced than in 1500-m swimming and 10-km running after 60 y. In contrast, the age-related decline was similar among the 3 locomotion modes for the sprinting events.
The data show that the maintenance of high performance in cycling persists longer into old age than in running and swimming.
与年龄相关的运动成绩下降是所有耐力和短跑项目的特征。然而，尚不清楚运动方式（即游泳、骑自行车或跑步）是否会影响短跑和耐力项目中与年龄相关的运动成绩下降。
为了研究耐力和短跑项目中3种不同运动方式（即游泳、骑自行车和跑步）与年龄相关的下降情况，比较了18 - 39岁、40 - 44岁、45 - 49岁、50 - 54岁、55 - 59岁、60 - 64岁、65 - 69岁、70 - 74岁、75 - 79岁和80 - 84岁男性在游泳（1500米和50米）、骑自行车（1小时和200米）和跑步（10米和100米）项目中的世界最佳成绩。每种成绩都被视为平均速度（在整个距离内），与年龄相关的成绩下降以该项目世界纪录（不分年龄组）的百分比表示。
60岁以后，1小时场地自行车的与年龄相关的成绩下降比1500米游泳和10公里跑步的下降更不明显。相比之下，短跑项目的3种运动方式中与年龄相关的成绩下降相似。
数据表明，与跑步和游泳相比，骑自行车保持高性能的时间在老年时持续更长。
