Linde Lukas D, Archibald Jessica, Lampert Eve C, Srbely John Z
J Sport Rehabil. 2018 Sep 1;27(5):438-444. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2016-0038. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
Females suffer 4 to 6 times more noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than males due to neuromuscular control deficits of the hip musculature leading to increases in hip adduction angle, knee abduction angle, and knee abduction moment during dynamic tasks such as single-leg squats. Lateral trunk displacement has been further related to ACL injury risk in females, leading to the incorporation of core strength/stability exercises in ACL preventative training programs. However, the direct mechanism relating lateral trunk displacement and lower limb ACL risk factors is not well established.
To assess the relationship between lateral trunk displacement and lower limb measures of ACL injury risk by altering trunk control through abdominal activation techniques during single-leg squats in healthy females.
Interventional study setting: movement and posture laboratory.
A total of 13 healthy females (21.3 [0.88] y, 1.68 [0.07] m, and 58.27 [5.46] kg).
Trunk position and lower limb kinematics were recorded using an optoelectric motion capture system during single-leg squats under differing conditions of abdominal muscle activation (abdominal hollowing, abdominal bracing, and control), confirmed using surface electromyography.
Lateral trunk displacement, peak hip adduction angle, peak knee abduction angle/moment, and average muscle activity from bilateral internal oblique, external oblique, and erector spinae muscles.
No differences were observed for peak lateral trunk displacement, peak hip adduction angle, or peak knee abduction angle/moment. Abdominal hollowing and bracing elicited greater muscle activation than the control condition, and bracing was greater than hollowing in 4 of 6 muscles recorded.
The lack of reduction in trunk, hip, and knee measures of ACL injury risk during abdominal hollowing and bracing suggests that these techniques alone may provide minimal benefit in ACL injury prevention training.
女性非接触性前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的发生率是男性的4至6倍，这是由于髋部肌肉的神经肌肉控制缺陷导致在诸如单腿深蹲等动态任务中髋内收角度、膝外展角度和膝外展力矩增加。侧向躯干位移与女性ACL损伤风险进一步相关，这导致在ACL预防训练计划中纳入核心力量/稳定性练习。然而，侧向躯干位移与下肢ACL风险因素之间的直接机制尚未完全明确。
通过在健康女性单腿深蹲过程中采用腹部激活技术改变躯干控制，评估侧向躯干位移与下肢ACL损伤风险指标之间的关系。
干预性研究；设置：运动与姿势实验室。
共13名健康女性（年龄21.3[0.88]岁，身高1.68[0.07]米，体重58.27[5.46]千克）。
在不同腹部肌肉激活条件（收腹、腹横肌支撑和对照）下进行单腿深蹲时，使用光电运动捕捉系统记录躯干位置和下肢运动学数据，并通过表面肌电图进行确认。
侧向躯干位移、峰值髋内收角度、峰值膝外展角度/力矩，以及双侧腹内斜肌、腹外斜肌和竖脊肌的平均肌肉活动。
在峰值侧向躯干位移、峰值髋内收角度或峰值膝外展角度/力矩方面未观察到差异。收腹和腹横肌支撑引起的肌肉激活比对照条件更大，在记录的6块肌肉中有4块腹横肌支撑引起的激活大于收腹。
在收腹和腹横肌支撑过程中，躯干、髋部和膝部的ACL损伤风险指标没有降低，这表明仅这些技术在ACL损伤预防训练中可能益处不大。
