Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017 Aug;19(8):44. doi: 10.1007/s11926-017-0671-7.
While the clinical potential of tissue engineering for treating joint damage has yet to be realized, research and commercialization efforts in the field are geared towards overcoming major obstacles to clinical translation, as well as towards achieving engineered grafts that recapitulate the unique structures, function, and physiology of the joint. In this review, we describe recent advances in technologies aimed at obtaining biomaterials, stem cells, and bioreactors that will enable the development of effective tissue-engineered treatments for repairing joint damage.
3D printing of scaffolds is aimed at improving the mechanical structure and microenvironment necessary for bone regeneration within a damaged joint. Advances in our understanding of stem cell biology and cell manufacturing processes are informing translational strategies for the therapeutic use of allogeneic and autologous cells. Finally, bioreactors used in combination with cells and biomaterials are promising strategies for generating large tissue grafts for repairing damaged tissues in pre-clinical models. Together, these advances along with ongoing research directions are making tissue engineering increasingly viable for the treatment of joint damage.
尽管组织工程治疗关节损伤的临床潜力尚未实现，但该领域的研究和商业化工作旨在克服临床转化的主要障碍，并实现能够重现关节独特结构、功能和生理学的工程化移植物。在这篇综述中，我们描述了旨在获得生物材料、干细胞和生物反应器的最新技术进展，这些技术将为修复关节损伤的有效组织工程治疗方法的发展提供支持。
支架的 3D 打印旨在改善受损关节内骨再生所需的机械结构和微环境。对干细胞生物学和细胞制造过程的理解的进步为同种异体和自体细胞的治疗应用提供了转化策略。最后，与细胞和生物材料结合使用的生物反应器是在临床前模型中生成用于修复受损组织的大型组织移植物的有前途的策略。这些进展以及正在进行的研究方向使组织工程在治疗关节损伤方面越来越可行。
