Birru Bhaskar, Mekala Naveen Kumar, Parcha Sreenivasa Rao
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506 004, TS, India.
J Biosci. 2019 Mar;44(1).
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to develop engineered bone tissue to substitute conventional bone grafts. To achieve this, culturing the cells on the biocompatible three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is one alternative approach. The new functional bone tissue regeneration could be feasible by the synergetic combinations of cells, biomaterials and bioreactors. Although the field of biomaterial design/development for BTE applications attained reasonable success, development of suitable bioreactor remains still a major challenge. Tissue engineering bioreactors provide the microenvironment required for neo-tissue regeneration, and also can be used to study the physio-chemical cues effect on cell proliferation and differentiation in order to produce functional tissue. In this direction, various bioreactors have been developed and evaluated for the successful development of engineered bone tissue. Continues assessment of tissue development and limitations of the bioreactors lead to the progression of perfusion flow bioreactor system. Improvements in perfusion reactor system were able to yield multiple tissue engineered constructs with uniform cell distribution, easy to operate protocols and also effectively handled for the functional tissue development to meet the adequate supply of engineered graft for clinical application.
骨组织工程（BTE）旨在开发工程化骨组织以替代传统骨移植。要实现这一目标，在生物相容性三维（3D）支架上培养细胞是一种可行的方法。通过细胞、生物材料和生物反应器的协同组合，新的功能性骨组织再生可能成为现实。尽管用于BTE应用的生物材料设计/开发领域取得了一定成功，但开发合适的生物反应器仍然是一项重大挑战。组织工程生物反应器提供了新组织再生所需的微环境，还可用于研究物理化学信号对细胞增殖和分化的影响，从而生成功能性组织。在这方面，已经开发并评估了各种生物反应器以成功构建工程化骨组织。对组织发育和生物反应器局限性的持续评估推动了灌注流生物反应器系统的发展。灌注反应器系统的改进能够产生多个细胞分布均匀的组织工程构建体，操作方案简便，并且能够有效地用于功能性组织发育，以满足临床应用中工程化移植物的充足供应。
