Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2018 Feb;222(2). doi: 10.1111/apha.12921. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
Chance events led me to a lifelong career in scientific research. They paved the way for being the first to see long-term potentiation of synaptic efficiency (LTP) in Per Andersen's laboratory in Oslo in 1966. Here I describe my way to this discovery and the experiments with Tim Bliss in 1968-1969 that led to Bliss and Lømo, 1973. Surprisingly, we later failed to reproduce these results. I discuss possible reasons for this failure, which made us both leave LTP research, in my case for good, in Tim's case for several years. After 30 years of work in a different field, I renewed my interest in the hippocampus and LTP in the early 2000s and published, for the first time, results that I had obtained 40 years earlier. Here I present my take on how interest in and research on LTP evolved after the early years. This includes a discussion of the functions of hippocampus as seen in those early days, the case of patient H.M., Donald Hebb's place in the story, the search for 'memory molecules' such as PKMζ, and the primary site for LTP expression (pre- and/or post-synaptic?). Throughout, I reflect on my life in science, how science is done and what drives it. The reflections are quite personal and I admit to mixed feelings about broadcasting them.
偶然事件使我一生都从事科学研究。它们为我在 1966 年在奥斯陆的佩尔·安德森(Per Andersen)实验室中率先观察到突触效率的长期增强(LTP)铺平了道路。在这里,我描述了我发现这种现象的过程,以及 1968-1969 年与提姆·布利斯(Tim Bliss)进行的实验,这些实验导致了布利斯和洛莫(Bliss and Lomo)于 1973 年的发现。令人惊讶的是,我们后来未能复制这些结果。我讨论了这种失败的可能原因,这使我们俩都离开了 LTP 研究,就我而言,是永远离开,就提姆而言,则是离开几年。在从事另一个领域 30 年后,我在 21 世纪初重新对海马体和 LTP 产生了兴趣,并首次发表了我在 40 年前获得的结果。在这里,我介绍了我对 LTP 研究在早期之后的兴趣和研究的发展情况。其中包括讨论了早期对海马体和 LTP 的功能的看法、HM 患者的案例、唐纳德·赫布(Donald Hebb)在该故事中的地位、寻找 PKMζ 等“记忆分子”的情况,以及 LTP 表达的主要部位(突触前和/或突触后?)。贯穿始终,我反思了自己在科学中的生活,科学是如何进行的以及是什么推动了它。这些反思是相当个人化的,我承认将它们传播出去的感觉很复杂。