Mulugeta Betselot, Williamson Susan, Monks Rob, Hack Thomas, Beaver Kinta
School of Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Brook Building, Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Brook Building, Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017 Aug;29:8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 Apr 29.
Little is known about black African (BA) and black African-Caribbean (BAC) men's views towards cancer; yet culture and acculturation can contribute to the way in which people understand, explain and develop their attitudes towards cancer. Hence, cancer prevention and early detection strategies may not be sensitive to United Kingdom (UK)-based black men's views, affecting their awareness of risk factors and early detection services. This study explored the views of UK-based BA and BAC men towards cancer.
In collaboration with black community organisations based in four major cities in the UK, 25 participants were recruited using convenience and theoretical sampling methods. Data were collected using 33 semi-structured interviews, and analysed using grounded theory analytic procedures.
One core category (cancer through black eyes) and seven sub-categories emerged; 'cultural views', 'religious beliefs', 'avoiding Babylon', 'alienation', 'suspicious mind', 'advertisements and information influence very little', and 'gap in service provision (bridging the gap)'. Participants' views towards cancer were linked to socially constructed perspectives, linked with cultural and religious beliefs, and shaped by what being a black male means in society. Risk factors such as smoking and obesity had different meanings and symbolisation through black eyes. There were macro- and micro-level similarities and differences between BA and BAC men.
Cancer services and related public-health campaigns aimed at black men need to understand cancer through black eyes. Public health campaigns based solely on the clinical meaning of cancer are incongruent with black men's understandings of cancer, and therefore ineffective at reducing health inequality.
关于非洲黑人（BA）和非洲裔加勒比黑人（BAC）男性对癌症的看法，人们了解甚少；然而文化和文化适应会影响人们理解、解释以及形成对癌症态度的方式。因此，癌症预防和早期检测策略可能对英国黑人男性的观点缺乏敏感性，影响他们对风险因素和早期检测服务的认知。本研究探讨了英国的BA和BAC男性对癌症的看法。
与英国四个主要城市的黑人社区组织合作，采用便利抽样和理论抽样方法招募了25名参与者。通过33次半结构化访谈收集数据，并使用扎根理论分析程序进行分析。
出现了一个核心类别（透过黑人视角看癌症）和七个子类别；“文化观点”、“宗教信仰”、“远离罪恶之地”、“疏离感”、“怀疑心理”、“广告和信息影响甚微”以及“服务提供差距（弥合差距）”。参与者对癌症的看法与社会建构的观点相关联，与文化和宗教信仰相联系，并受到社会中黑人男性身份意义的影响。吸烟和肥胖等风险因素透过黑人视角有不同的含义和象征。BA和BAC男性在宏观和微观层面存在异同。
针对黑人男性的癌症服务和相关公共卫生运动需要透过黑人视角来理解癌症。仅基于癌症临床意义的公共卫生运动与黑人男性对癌症的理解不一致，因此在减少健康不平等方面效果不佳。
