Gamito-Marques Daniel
Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, FCT/UNL, Ed. VII, Piso 2, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
J Hist Biol. 2018 Jun;51(2):223-257. doi: 10.1007/s10739-017-9487-6.
This paper discusses the life and scientific work of José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823-1907), a nineteenth-century Portuguese naturalist who carved a new place for zoological research in Portugal and built up a prestigious scientific career by securing appropriate physical and institutional spaces to the discipline. Although he was appointed professor of zoology at the Lisbon Polytechnic School, an institution mainly devoted to the preparatory training of military officers and engineers, he succeeded in creating the conditions that allowed him to develop consistent research in zoology at this institution. Taking advantage of the reconstruction and further improvement of the building of the Lisbon Polytechnic, following a violent fire in 1843, Bocage transferred a natural history museum formerly located at the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon to his institution, where he conquered a more prestigious place for zoology. Although successive governments were unwilling to meet Bocage's ambitions for the Zoological Section of the newly created National Museum of Lisbon, the collaborators he found in different parts of the Portuguese continental territory and colonial empire supplied him the specimens he needed to make a career as a naturalist. Bocage ultimately became a renowned specialist in Southwestern African fauna thanks to José de Anchieta, his finest collaborator. Travels to foreign museums, and the establishment of links with the international community of zoologists, proved fundamental to build up Bocage's national and international scientific reputation, as it will be exemplified by the discussion of his discovery of Hyalonema, a specimen with a controversial identity collected off the Portuguese coast.
本文探讨了若泽·维森特·巴尔博萨·杜·博卡热（1823 - 1907）的生平与科学工作。他是一位19世纪的葡萄牙博物学家，在葡萄牙为动物学研究开辟了新领域，并通过为该学科争取到合适的物理空间和机构场所，建立了颇具声望的科学事业。尽管他被任命为里斯本理工学校的动物学教授，而这所学校主要致力于为军官和工程师提供预科培训，但他成功创造了条件，得以在该机构开展连贯的动物学研究。1843年一场大火后，里斯本理工学校的建筑进行了重建和进一步改善，博卡热借此将原位于里斯本科学院的自然历史博物馆迁至他所在的机构，在那里他为动物学赢得了更具声望的地位。尽管历届政府都不愿满足博卡热对新成立的里斯本国家博物馆动物学部的期望，但他在葡萄牙大陆领土和殖民帝国不同地区找到的合作者为他提供了作为博物学家开展职业生涯所需的标本。多亏了他最出色的合作者若泽·德·安基埃塔，博卡热最终成为西南非洲动物区系的知名专家。前往外国博物馆参观以及与国际动物学家群体建立联系，对提升博卡热在国内和国际的科学声誉起到了关键作用，这一点将通过讨论他发现的玻璃海绵（一种在葡萄牙海岸外采集的身份存疑的标本）来加以例证。
