Nath Anita
Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru Campus, Public Health Foundation of India, SIHFW Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2017 Apr-Jun;61(2):124-130. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_314_15.
In India, the prevention of parent-to-child transmission and antiretroviral therapy services for HIV-infected mothers and children have been rapidly scaled up over the recent years. Despite these advances, a large number of HIV-infected children are born in every year. A thorough literature review has been done by retrieving related studies (published from the year 2000 onward); using a Medline search and by extracting recent findings from the official websites of the National AIDS Control Organization, UNAIDS, UNICEF, and World Health Organization. The efforts that are made to control pediatric HIV are challenged by a large range of factors such as low health service utilization, poor drug adherence, delayed infant diagnosis, discriminatory attitude of health providers, loss to follow-up, and poor coordination in managing continuum of care. These challenges may be addressed by adopting innovative and effective strategies and strengthening the existing health system. This would bring about a significant reduction in pediatric HIV incidence and improve the outcomes in children who are HIV infected.
在印度，近年来针对感染艾滋病毒的母亲和儿童的预防母婴传播及抗逆转录病毒治疗服务已迅速扩大规模。尽管取得了这些进展，但每年仍有大量感染艾滋病毒的儿童出生。通过检索相关研究（2000年起发表）、利用医学在线数据库搜索以及从国家艾滋病控制组织、联合国艾滋病规划署、联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织的官方网站提取最新研究结果，进行了全面的文献综述。控制儿童艾滋病毒的努力面临诸多因素的挑战，如卫生服务利用率低、药物依从性差、婴儿诊断延迟、医疗服务提供者的歧视态度、失访以及在连续护理管理方面协调不佳等。可通过采用创新和有效的策略以及加强现有卫生系统来应对这些挑战。这将大幅降低儿童艾滋病毒感染率，并改善感染艾滋病毒儿童的治疗效果。
