Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, Center for Research for Mothers and Children, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6100 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2010 Dec;37(4):765-76, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.007.
The World Health Organization's Strategic Approaches to the Prevention of HIV Infection in Infants includes 4 components: primary prevention of HIV-1 infection; prevention of unintended pregnancies among HIV-1-infected women; prevention of transmission of HIV-1 infection from mothers to children; and provision of ongoing support, care, and treatment to HIV-1-infected women and their families. This review focuses on antiretrovirals for secondary prevention of HIV-1 infection-prevention of HIV-1 transmission from an HIV-1-infected woman to her child. Antiretroviral strategies to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in nonbreastfeeding populations comprise antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1-infected pregnant women needing antiretrovirals for their own health, antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV-1-infected pregnant women not yet meeting criteria for treatment, and antiretroviral prophylaxis for infants of HIV-1-infected mothers. The review primarily addresses antiretroviral strategies for nonbreastfeeding, HIV-1-infected women and their infants in resource-rich settings, such as the United States. Antiretroviral strategies to prevent antepartum, intrapartum, and early postnatal transmission in resource-poor settings are also addressed, albeit more briefly.
世界卫生组织预防婴儿艾滋病毒感染的战略方法包括 4 个组成部分：预防艾滋病毒 1 型感染的初级预防；预防艾滋病毒 1 型感染妇女的意外怀孕；预防艾滋病毒 1 型从母亲传播给儿童；以及向艾滋病毒 1 型感染妇女及其家庭提供持续支持、护理和治疗。本综述重点介绍了用于二级预防艾滋病毒 1 型感染的抗逆转录病毒药物——预防艾滋病毒 1 型从感染艾滋病毒的妇女传播给她的孩子。在非母乳喂养人群中预防母婴传播艾滋病毒 1 型的抗逆转录病毒策略包括：为自身健康需要抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒 1 型感染孕妇提供抗逆转录病毒治疗、为尚未达到治疗标准的艾滋病毒 1 型感染孕妇提供抗逆转录病毒预防、以及为艾滋病毒 1 型感染母亲的婴儿提供抗逆转录病毒预防。本综述主要针对资源丰富的环境（如美国）中，非母乳喂养、感染艾滋病毒的妇女及其婴儿的抗逆转录病毒策略。虽然资源匮乏环境中产前、产时和产后早期传播的预防策略也有所涉及，但篇幅更短。
