Arbetman Marina P, Gleiser Gabriela, Morales Carolina L, Williams Paul, Aizen Marcelo A
IRNAD, Sede Andina, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina.
Proc Biol Sci. 2017 Jul 26;284(1859). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0204.
Conservation biology can profit greatly from incorporating a phylogenetic perspective into analyses of patterns and drivers of species extinction risk. We applied such an approach to analyse patterns of bumblebee () decline. We assembled a database representing approximately 43% of the circa 260 globally known species, which included species extinction risk assessments following the International Union fo Conservation of Nature Red List categories and criteria, and information on species traits presumably associated with bumblebee decline. We quantified the strength of phylogenetic signal in decline, range size, tongue length and parasite presence. Overall, about one-third of the assessed bumblebees are declining and declining species are not randomly distributed across the phylogeny. Susceptible species were over-represented in the subgenus (approx. 64%) and under-represented in the subgenus (approx. 6%). Phylogenetic logistic regressions revealed that species with small geographical ranges and those in which none of three internal parasites were reported (i.e. , spp. or ) were particularly vulnerable. Bumblebee evolutionary history will be deeply eroded if most species from threatened clades, particularly those stemming from basal nodes, become finally extinct. The habitat of species with restricted distribution should be protected and the importance of pathogen tolerance/resistance as mechanisms to deal with pathogens needs urgent research.
保护生物学可以通过将系统发育观点纳入物种灭绝风险模式和驱动因素的分析中而受益匪浅。我们应用这种方法来分析大黄蜂（）数量下降的模式。我们收集了一个数据库，该数据库涵盖了全球约260种已知物种中的约43%，其中包括根据国际自然保护联盟红色名录类别和标准进行的物种灭绝风险评估，以及与大黄蜂数量下降可能相关的物种特征信息。我们量化了数量下降、分布范围大小、舌头长度和寄生虫存在情况中的系统发育信号强度。总体而言，约三分之一的评估大黄蜂数量在下降，且数量下降的物种并非随机分布在整个系统发育树中。易感物种在亚属（约64%）中占比过高，而在亚属（约6%）中占比过低。系统发育逻辑回归显示，地理分布范围小的物种以及未报告三种内部寄生虫中的任何一种（即， spp.或）的物种特别脆弱。如果受威胁分支中的大多数物种，特别是那些起源于基部节点的物种最终灭绝，大黄蜂的进化历史将受到严重侵蚀。分布受限物种的栖息地应得到保护，并且作为应对病原体机制的病原体耐受性/抗性的重要性需要迫切研究。
