Henchion Maeve, Hayes Maria, Mullen Anne Maria, Fenelon Mark, Tiwari Brijesh
Department Agri-Food Business and Spatial Analysis, Rural Economy and Development Programme, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland.
Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland.
Foods. 2017 Jul 20;6(7):53. doi: 10.3390/foods6070053.
A growing global population, combined with factors such as changing socio-demographics, will place increased pressure on the world's resources to provide not only more but also different types of food. Increased demand for animal-based protein in particular is expected to have a negative environmental impact, generating greenhouse gas emissions, requiring more water and more land. Addressing this "perfect storm" will necessitate more sustainable production of existing sources of protein as well as alternative sources for direct human consumption. This paper outlines some potential demand scenarios and provides an overview of selected existing and novel protein sources in terms of their potential to sustainably deliver protein for the future, considering drivers and challenges relating to nutritional, environmental, and technological and market/consumer domains. It concludes that different factors influence the potential of existing and novel sources. Existing protein sources are primarily hindered by their negative environmental impacts with some concerns around health. However, they offer social and economic benefits, and have a high level of consumer acceptance. Furthermore, recent research emphasizes the role of livestock as part of the solution to greenhouse gas emissions, and indicates that animal-based protein has an important role as part of a sustainable diet and as a contributor to food security. Novel proteins require the development of new value chains, and attention to issues such as production costs, food safety, scalability and consumer acceptance. Furthermore, positive environmental impacts cannot be assumed with novel protein sources and care must be taken to ensure that comparisons between novel and existing protein sources are valid. Greater alignment of political forces, and the involvement of wider stakeholders in a governance role, as well as development/commercialization role, is required to address both sources of protein and ensure food security.
全球人口不断增长，再加上社会人口结构变化等因素，将给世界资源带来更大压力，不仅要提供更多的食物，还要提供不同类型的食物。特别是对动物蛋白需求的增加预计将对环境产生负面影响，产生温室气体排放，需要更多的水和土地。应对这场“完美风暴”将需要更可持续地生产现有蛋白质来源以及直接供人类消费的替代来源。本文概述了一些潜在的需求情景，并从可持续提供未来蛋白质的潜力方面，对选定的现有和新型蛋白质来源进行了概述，同时考虑了与营养、环境、技术以及市场/消费者领域相关的驱动因素和挑战。结论是，不同因素影响现有和新型来源的潜力。现有蛋白质来源主要受到其负面环境影响的阻碍，同时也存在一些健康方面的担忧。然而，它们具有社会和经济效益，并且消费者接受度较高。此外，最近的研究强调了畜牧业在解决温室气体排放问题中的作用，并表明动物蛋白作为可持续饮食的一部分以及对粮食安全的贡献具有重要作用。新型蛋白质需要开发新的价值链，并关注生产成本、食品安全、可扩展性和消费者接受度等问题。此外，不能假定新型蛋白质来源会产生积极的环境影响，必须注意确保新型和现有蛋白质来源之间的比较是有效的。需要政治力量更好地协调一致，让更广泛的利益相关者发挥治理作用以及发展/商业化作用，以应对这两种蛋白质来源并确保粮食安全。
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