Cavazos Ariel, Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira
Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 228 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2013 Jul;12(4):364-380. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12017.
Cereal grains, such as wheat, barley, rice, rye, oat, millet, sorghum, and corn, have been staples in human diets since ancient times. At present, there is a significant body of scientific evidence showing the health benefits of consuming whole grains in chronic disease prevention, particularly in regards to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The objective was to determine bioactive peptides in cereal grains that may prevent cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. Bioactive peptides that may be obtained from cereal grains, particularly wheat, oat, barley, and rice, were identified. Bioactive peptides that play a role in chronic disease prevention have been found primarily in legumes and dairy products; although research connecting cereal grains with potential bioactive peptide activity is limited. In this review, 4 cereal grains, wheat, oat, barley, and rice, were evaluated for bioactive peptide potential using the BIOPEP database. In addition, research information was compiled for each grain regarding evidence about the effect of their proteins in prevention of chronic diseases. All 4 grains showed high occurrence frequencies of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor peptides (A = 0.239 to 0.511), as well as of dipeptidyl peptidase-inhibitor and antithrombotic, antioxidant, hypotensive, and opioid activity. Wheat and rice proteins had anticancer sequences present. Wheat and barley showed the greatest diversity and abundance of potential biological activity among the cereal proteins. Further research needs to be conducted to learn how these biologically active peptide sequences are released from cereal grains. This study supports the notion that cereal grains are a nutritious part of a healthy diet by preventing chronic diseases.
谷类作物，如小麦、大麦、水稻、黑麦、燕麦、小米、高粱和玉米，自古以来就是人类饮食的主食。目前，有大量科学证据表明食用全谷物对预防慢性病有益，尤其是在预防糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症方面。目的是确定谷类作物中可能预防心血管疾病、癌症、炎症和糖尿病的生物活性肽。已鉴定出可能从谷类作物，特别是小麦、燕麦、大麦和水稻中获得的生物活性肽。在慢性病预防中发挥作用的生物活性肽主要在豆类和乳制品中被发现；尽管将谷类作物与潜在生物活性肽活性联系起来的研究有限。在本综述中，使用BIOPEP数据库评估了4种谷类作物——小麦、燕麦、大麦和水稻的生物活性肽潜力。此外，还收集了每种谷物关于其蛋白质在预防慢性病方面作用的证据的研究信息。所有4种谷物的血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽（A = 0.239至0.511）、二肽基肽酶抑制剂以及抗血栓、抗氧化、降压和阿片样物质活性的出现频率都很高。小麦和水稻蛋白存在抗癌序列。在谷类蛋白质中，小麦和大麦显示出最大的潜在生物活性多样性和丰度。需要进一步开展研究，以了解这些生物活性肽序列是如何从谷类作物中释放出来的。这项研究支持了谷类作物通过预防慢性病而成为健康饮食中营养丰富的一部分这一观点。
