Rosenfelder-Kuon P, Strang E J P, Spindler H K, Eklund M, Mosenthin R
J Anim Sci. 2017 Jun;95(6):2711-2717. doi: 10.2527/jas.2017.1450.
The objective of the present study was to determine, in growing pigs, the ileal starch digestibility and ileal digestible starch content of 8 different genotypes of barley, rye, triticale, and wheat each. Therefore, 4 experiments were conducted with 34 ileally cannulated growing pigs (initial BW of 24 to 32 kg) in total. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 1 of the 8 genotypes of each cereal grain at an inclusion level of 95%. Cereal grains were ground through a 2-mm sieve and were the sole dietary source of starch. All diets were supplemented with plant oil, minerals and vitamins, and titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. The experiments were arranged either as a row-column design with 8 periods of 6 d each and 9 pigs (for barley and wheat) or according to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods of 6 (rye) or 7 d (triticale) and 8 pigs. Experimental periods comprised 4 (barley, rye, and wheat) or 5 d (triticale) for adaptation followed by 2 d for ileal digesta collection. The daily feed intake amounted to 4% of pigs' average BW, corresponding to about 3 times the animals' energy requirement for maintenance (106 kcal of ME [as-fed basis]/kg of metabolic BW). Ileal starch digestibility was different ( < 0.05) within barley and triticale genotypes, with values ranging between 90.1 and 95.0% for barley and between 96.5 and 98.1% for triticale and tended to differ within rye genotypes ( < 0.1). Ileal digestible starch content was different ( < 0.05) within all cereal grains. On average, ileal starch digestibility amounted to 92.7, 95.0, 97.3, and 92.2% for barley, rye, triticale, and wheat, respectively, and was different among cereal grains ( < 0.001). Average ileal digestible starch content was greatest ( < 0.001) in triticale (68.3%, DM basis) followed by wheat (66.1%, DM basis), rye (61.1%, DM basis), and barley (57.6%, DM basis). Differences in ileal starch digestibility and ileal digestible starch content within and among grain genotypes may reflect variations in contents of several fiber fractions such as NDF, ADF, and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP). For most cereal grains, ileal starch digestibility and ileal digestible starch content decreased ( < 0.05) with increasing contents of soluble, insoluble, and total NSP. In conclusion, in the present study, triticale is superior when compared with the other cereal grains due to its relatively low fiber and high starch content and its high ileal starch digestibility values.
本研究的目的是测定生长猪对8种不同基因型的大麦、黑麦、小黑麦和小麦的回肠淀粉消化率及回肠可消化淀粉含量。因此，总共用34头回肠造瘘的生长猪（初始体重24至32千克）进行了4项试验。试验日粮按95%的添加水平配制，每种谷物包含8种基因型中的1种。谷物磨碎后通过2毫米筛网，是淀粉的唯一日粮来源。所有日粮均添加了植物油、矿物质和维生素，以及二氧化钛作为不可消化标记物。试验按每行8个阶段、每个阶段6天、9头猪（用于大麦和小麦）的行列设计进行，或按8×8拉丁方设计进行，8个阶段，黑麦6天、小黑麦7天，8头猪。试验阶段包括4天（大麦、黑麦和小麦）或5天（小黑麦）的适应期，随后是2天的回肠食糜收集期。日采食量为猪平均体重的4%，约为动物维持能量需求的3倍（106千卡代谢能[风干基础]/千克代谢体重）。大麦和小黑麦基因型内的回肠淀粉消化率不同（P<0.05），大麦的值在90.1%至95.0%之间，小黑麦在96.5%至98.1%之间，黑麦基因型内也有差异趋势（P<0.1）。所有谷物内的回肠可消化淀粉含量不同（P<0.05）。平均而言，大麦、黑麦、小黑麦和小麦的回肠淀粉消化率分别为92.7%、95.0%、97.3%和92.2%，谷物间存在差异（P<0.001）。平均回肠可消化淀粉含量在小黑麦中最高（P<0.001）（干物质基础为68.3%），其次是小麦（干物质基础为66.1%）、黑麦（干物质基础为61.1%）和大麦（干物质基础为57.6%）。谷物基因型内和基因型间回肠淀粉消化率及回肠可消化淀粉含量的差异可能反映了几种纤维组分（如中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和非淀粉多糖）含量的变化。对于大多数谷物，随着可溶性、不可溶性和总非淀粉多糖含量的增加，回肠淀粉消化率和回肠可消化淀粉含量降低（P<0.05）。总之，在本研究中，小黑麦与其他谷物相比具有优势，因其纤维含量相对较低、淀粉含量较高且回肠淀粉消化率值较高。
