Duh Darja, Hasic Sandra, Buzan Elena
Department for Medical Microbiology Maribor, Centre for Medical Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000, Koper, Slovenia.
Virol J. 2017 Jul 20;14(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s12985-017-0798-1.
Illegal waste disposal impacts public health and causes aesthetic and environmental pollution. Waste disposed in places without permitted and controlled facilities can provide a ready source of nutrition and shelter for rodents and thus promote the spread of their ecto- and endoparasites. The presence of two distinct zoonotic viruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), was searched at illegal waste sites. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection with both viruses in rodents and to discuss the virus-rodent relations in such environments.
Rodents sampled between October 2011 and April 2013 at 7 locations in the Istrian peninsula, were identified morphologically and genetically to minimize misidentification. Serological and molecular techniques were used to determine seroprevalence of infection in rodents and to detect viral RNAs. Serological testing was performed by immune fluorescence assay for detection of LCMV and TBEV specific antibodies. Real-time RT PCR was used for the detection of LCMV nucleoprotein gene and TBEV 3' non-coding region. Data were statistically analysed using SPSS statistic v2.0.
Out of 82 rodent sera tested, the presence of LCMV antibodies was demonstrated in 24.93%. The highest prevalence of LCMV infection was found in commensal Mus musculus (47.37%), followed by 11.53%, 19.04% and 25% prevalence of infection in A. agrarius, A. flavicolis and A. sylvaticus, respectively. The highest prevalence of infection in rodents (53.33%) was found in locations with large waste sites and high anthropogenic influence. LCMV seroprevalence was significantly lower in rodents sampled from natural habitats. Viral nucleic acids were screened in 46 samples but yielded no amplicons of LCMV or TBEV. In addition, TBEV specific antibodies were not detected.
Illegal waste sites have considerable impact on the area where they are located. Results have shown that the transmission of human pathogens can be significantly increased by the presence of waste sites. However, the pathogen must be endemic in the environment where the waste site is located. The introduction of a human pathogen as a consequence of the waste site in the area of interest could not be proven.
非法垃圾处理影响公众健康，并造成美学和环境污染。在没有许可和受控设施的地方处置的垃圾可为啮齿动物提供现成的营养源和庇护所，从而促进其体外和体内寄生虫的传播。在非法垃圾场搜索了两种不同的人畜共患病毒，淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（LCMV）和蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）。本研究的目的是确定啮齿动物中这两种病毒的感染率，并讨论此类环境中病毒与啮齿动物的关系。
2011年10月至2013年4月在伊斯特拉半岛7个地点采集的啮齿动物，通过形态学和遗传学方法进行鉴定，以尽量减少错误鉴定。采用血清学和分子技术确定啮齿动物的感染血清阳性率并检测病毒RNA。通过免疫荧光试验进行血清学检测，以检测LCMV和TBEV特异性抗体。实时RT-PCR用于检测LCMV核蛋白基因和TBEV 3'非编码区。使用SPSS统计软件v2.0对数据进行统计分析。
在检测的82份啮齿动物血清中，LCMV抗体阳性率为24.93%。在共生小家鼠中发现LCMV感染率最高（47.37%），其次是黑线姬鼠、黄颈姬鼠和森林姬鼠，感染率分别为11.53%、19.04%和25%。在垃圾场大且人为影响高的地点，啮齿动物的感染率最高（53.33%）。从自然栖息地采集的啮齿动物中，LCMV血清阳性率显著较低。对46个样本进行了病毒核酸筛查，但未产生LCMV或TBEV的扩增子。此外，未检测到TBEV特异性抗体。
非法垃圾场对其所在区域有相当大的影响。结果表明，垃圾场的存在可显著增加人类病原体的传播。然而，病原体必须在垃圾场所在的环境中是地方性的。在感兴趣的区域，无法证明垃圾场会引入人类病原体。
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