Laboratory of Vector Ecology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
Laboratory of Biostatistics, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 24;18(1):66. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010066.
Illegal waste disposal represents a risk health factor for vector-borne diseases by providing shelter for rodents and their ectoparasites. The presence of the vector of , an etiologic agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), was assessed at illegal waste sites located at the vicinity of villages in endemic areas of Central Tunisia. The study was performed over a two-year period over three nights from July to September 2017, and over three nights in September 2018. Household waste is deposited illegally forming dumpsites at the vicinity of each village and contains several rodent burrows of , the main reservoir host of . Sandflies were collected from rodent burrows in the natural environment and in dumpsites using sticky traps and were identified at species level. Female sandflies were tested for the presence of by PCR. Our entomological survey showed that is the most abundant sandfly species associated with rodent burrows in these waste sites. The densities of in dumpsites are significantly higher compared to the natural environment. The minimum infection rate of with in these illegal waste sites is not significantly different compared to the natural environment. Considering the short flight range of , increases in its densities, associated with burrows of in illegal waste sites located at the edge of villages, expands the overlap of infected ZCL vectors with communities. Thus, illegal waste sites pose a high risk of spreading ZCL to neighboring home ranges. Waste management is an environmentally friendly method of controlling sandfly populations and should be included in an integrated management program for controlling ZCL in endemic countries.
非法废物处理为媒介传播疾病提供了滋生地，成为啮齿动物及其外寄生虫的庇护所，从而对其构成了健康风险因素。在突尼斯中部流行地区的村庄附近的非法废物场，评估了作为动物源性皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）病原体的 的媒介的存在。该研究在 2017 年 7 月至 9 月和 2018 年 9 月的三个晚上进行了两年，每个晚上收集三晚。家庭废物被非法倾倒在每个村庄附近，形成了垃圾场，其中包含了 的几个啮齿动物洞穴，是 的主要宿主。在自然环境和垃圾场中，使用粘性陷阱从啮齿动物洞穴中收集并鉴定了沙蝇。测试雌性沙蝇是否存在 。我们的昆虫学调查显示， 是与这些废物场中啮齿动物洞穴相关的最丰富的沙蝇物种。与自然环境相比，垃圾场中的 密度明显更高。与自然环境相比，这些非法废物场中 携带 的最低感染率没有显著差异。考虑到 的短飞行范围，其密度的增加，与位于村庄边缘的非法废物场中的 洞穴相关，扩大了感染 ZCL 媒介与社区的重叠。因此，非法废物场对传播 ZCL 到附近家庭范围构成了高风险。废物管理是控制沙蝇种群的环保方法，应包含在流行国家控制 ZCL 的综合管理计划中。
