Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58060, Mexico.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Dec 1;203(Pt 3):962-972. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.001. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
The selection of the working fluid for Organic Rankine Cycles has traditionally been addressed from systematic heuristic methods, which perform a characterization and prior selection considering mainly one objective, thus avoiding a selection considering simultaneously the objectives related to sustainability and safety. The objective of this work is to propose a methodology for the optimal selection of the working fluid for Organic Rankine Cycles. The model is presented as a multi-objective approach, which simultaneously considers the economic, environmental and safety aspects. The economic objective function considers the profit obtained by selling the energy produced. Safety was evaluated in terms of individual risk for each of the components of the Organic Rankine Cycles and it was formulated as a function of the operating conditions and hazardous properties of each working fluid. The environmental function is based on carbon dioxide emissions, considering carbon dioxide mitigation, emission due to the use of cooling water as well emissions due material release. The methodology was applied to the case of geothermal facilities to select the optimal working fluid although it can be extended to waste heat recovery. The results show that the hydrocarbons represent better solutions, thus among a list of 24 working fluids, toluene is selected as the best fluid.
传统上，有机朗肯循环的工作流体选择是从系统启发式方法入手的，这些方法主要考虑一个目标进行特征描述和初步选择，从而避免了同时考虑与可持续性和安全性相关的目标的选择。本工作的目的是提出一种用于有机朗肯循环工作流体的最优选择方法。该模型被提出为一种多目标方法，同时考虑了经济、环境和安全方面。经济目标函数考虑了出售所产生能量获得的利润。安全性是根据有机朗肯循环的每个组件的个体风险来评估的，并将其表述为每个工作流体的操作条件和危险特性的函数。环境函数基于二氧化碳排放，考虑了二氧化碳减排、由于使用冷却水而产生的排放以及由于材料释放而产生的排放。该方法应用于地热能设施的案例，以选择最佳的工作流体，尽管它可以扩展到余热回收。结果表明，碳氢化合物是更好的解决方案，因此在 24 种工作流体的列表中，甲苯被选为最佳流体。
