Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
Adv Mater. 2017 Sep;29(35). doi: 10.1002/adma.201702498. Epub 2017 Jul 21.
With their impressive properties such as remarkable unit tensile strength, modulus, and resistance to heat, flame, and chemical agents that normally degrade conventional macrofibers, high-performance macrofibers are now widely used in various fields including aerospace, biomedical, civil engineering, construction, protective apparel, geotextile, and electronic areas. Those macrofibers with a diameter of tens to hundreds of micrometers are typically derived from polymers, gel spun fibers, modified carbon fibers, carbon-nanotube fibers, ceramic fibers, and synthetic vitreous fibers. Cellulose nanofibers are promising building blocks for future high-performance biomaterials and textiles due to their high ultimate strength and stiffness resulting from a highly ordered orientation along the fiber axis. For the first time, an effective fabrication method is successfully applied for high-performance macrofibers involving a wet-drawing and wet-twisting process of ultralong bacterial cellulose nanofibers. The resulting bacterial cellulose macrofibers yield record high tensile strength (826 MPa) and Young's modulus (65.7 GPa) owing to the large length and the alignment of nanofibers along fiber axis. When normalized by weight, the specific tensile strength of the macrofiber is as high as 598 MPa g cm , which is even substantially stronger than the novel lightweight steel (227 MPa g cm ).
具有优异的性能，如显著的拉伸强度、模量和对热、火焰和化学试剂的抗性，这些通常会降解传统的宏观纤维，高性能宏观纤维现在广泛应用于各个领域，包括航空航天、生物医学、土木工程、建筑、防护服装、土工织物和电子领域。那些直径为几十到几百微米的宏观纤维通常由聚合物、凝胶纺丝纤维、改性碳纤维、碳纳米管纤维、陶瓷纤维和合成玻璃纤维制成。由于纤维素纳米纤维沿纤维轴高度有序排列，具有较高的极限强度和刚度，因此它们是未来高性能生物材料和纺织品的有前途的构建块。首次成功应用了一种有效的制造方法，用于涉及超长细菌纤维素纳米纤维的湿拉伸和湿捻过程的高性能宏观纤维。由于纳米纤维的长度较大且沿纤维轴排列，所得到的细菌纤维素宏观纤维具有创纪录的高拉伸强度（826 MPa）和杨氏模量（65.7 GPa）。当按重量归一化时，宏观纤维的比拉伸强度高达 598 MPa g cm ，甚至比新型轻质钢（227 MPa g cm ）还要强。
