University at Buffalo, School of Nursing, 201E Wende Hall, 2455 Main St., South Campus, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, School of Nursing, 103A McIver House, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, United States.
Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.014. Epub 2017 Jul 15.
Despite important advances of longitudinal research in substance use behaviors, most studies stratify analyses by gender or race, which limits the ability to directly compare the likelihood of a particular developmental pathway across demographic groups. Thus, there is critical need for well-designed research to examine the associations of race/ethnicity with developmental trajectories of substance use behaviors across adolescence through adulthood.
Using an accelerated longitudinal design, we examined behaviors across ages 12-31 from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We performed growth mixture modeling, resulting in estimated trajectories over time. Next, we assessed the association between race/ethnicity and trajectory membership using multinomial logistic regression.
Five trajectories resulted for marijuana use, four for cigarette smoking, three for smokeless tobacco use and number of days drunk, and two trajectories for heavy episodic drinking. Controlling for gender and family socioeconomic status, African Americans and Hispanics were less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to use cigarettes or smokeless tobacco early or to use alcohol heavily.
Substance use behavior development follows different pathways for US adolescents and young adults, with some individuals experimenting earlier in adolescence and others beginning to use later in adolescence or in early adulthood. We extend developmental knowledge about these behaviors by demonstrating that the patterns of behavior vary by race/ethnicity; members of lower-risk trajectories (those involving later or no initiation of substance use) are more likely to be African American or Hispanic than to be non-Hispanic White.
尽管在物质使用行为的纵向研究方面取得了重要进展，但大多数研究仍按性别或种族对分析进行分层，这限制了直接比较不同人群中特定发展途径的可能性。因此，迫切需要精心设计的研究来检验种族/民族与物质使用行为在青少年期到成年期的发展轨迹之间的关联。
我们使用加速纵向设计，从青少年到成年健康的国家纵向研究的 I -IV 波中检查了 12-31 岁年龄的行为。我们进行了增长混合建模，从而得出了随时间变化的估计轨迹。接下来，我们使用多项逻辑回归评估种族/民族与轨迹成员之间的关联。
大麻使用有 5 个轨迹，香烟吸烟有 4 个轨迹，无烟烟草使用和醉酒天数有 3 个轨迹，重度饮酒有 2 个轨迹。控制性别和家庭社会经济地位后，非裔美国人和西班牙裔人比非西班牙裔白人更早开始使用香烟或无烟烟草，或更早开始大量饮酒的可能性较小。
美国青少年和年轻人的物质使用行为发展遵循不同的途径，一些人在青少年早期更早地尝试，而另一些人则在青少年后期或成年早期开始使用。我们通过证明行为模式因种族/民族而异，从而扩展了关于这些行为的发展知识；低风险轨迹（涉及较晚或不开始使用物质的轨迹）的成员更有可能是非裔美国人和西班牙裔人，而不是非西班牙裔白人。
