Ismail Norsharina, Ismail Maznah, Azmi Nur Hanisah, Bakar Muhammad Firdaus Abu, Yida Zhang, Stanslas Johnson, Sani Dahiru, Basri Hamidon, Abdullah Maizaton Atmadini
Nutricosmeceuticals and Nutrigenomics Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nutricosmeceuticals and Nutrigenomics Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Sep 25;275:61-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.014. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
The study determined the effect of thymoquinone rich fraction (TQRF) and thymoquinone (TQ) in the forms of nano- and conventional emulsions on learning and memory, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status, antioxidants genes expression and soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) levels in rats fed with a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFCD). The TQRF was extracted from Nigella sativa seeds using a supercritical fluid extraction system and prepared into nanoemulsion, which later named as TQRF nanoemulsion (TQRFNE). Meanwhile, TQ was acquired commercially and prepared into thymoquinone nanoemulsion (TQNE). The TQRF and TQ conventional emulsions (CE), named as TQRFCE and TQCE, respectively were studied for comparison. Statin (simvastatin) and non-statin (probucol) cholesterol-lowering agents, and a mild-to-severe Alzheimer's disease drug (donepezil) were served as control drugs. The Sprague Dawley rats were fed with HFCD for 6 months, and treated with the intervention groups via oral gavage daily for the last 3 months. As a result, HFCD-fed rats exhibited hypercholesterolaemia, accompanied by memory deficit, increment of lipid peroxidation and soluble Aβ levels, decrement of total antioxidant status and down-regulation of antioxidants genes expression levels. TQRFNE demonstrated comparable effects to the other intervention groups and control drugs in serum biomarkers as well as in the learning and memory test. Somehow, TQRFNE was more prominent than those intervention groups and control drugs in brain biomarkers concomitant to gene and protein expression levels. Supplementation of TQRFNE into an HFCD thus could ameliorate memory deficit, lipid peroxidation and soluble Aβ levels as well as improving the total antioxidant status and antioxidants genes expression levels.
该研究确定了富含百里醌的组分（TQRF）和百里醌（TQ）以纳米乳液和传统乳液形式对高脂胆固醇饮食（HFCD）喂养的大鼠学习记忆、脂质过氧化、总抗氧化状态、抗氧化剂基因表达及可溶性β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）水平的影响。使用超临界流体萃取系统从黑种草籽中提取TQRF并制备成纳米乳液，随后命名为TQRF纳米乳液（TQRFNE）。同时，从商业渠道获取TQ并制备成百里醌纳米乳液（TQNE）。为作比较，还研究了分别命名为TQRFCE和TQCE的TQRF和TQ传统乳液（CE）。他汀类（辛伐他汀）和非他汀类（普罗布考）降胆固醇药物以及一种轻至重度阿尔茨海默病药物（多奈哌齐）用作对照药物。将Sprague Dawley大鼠用HFCD喂养6个月，并在最后3个月通过每日灌胃对干预组进行治疗。结果，用HFCD喂养的大鼠表现出高胆固醇血症，伴有记忆缺陷、脂质过氧化和可溶性Aβ水平升高、总抗氧化状态降低以及抗氧化剂基因表达水平下调。TQRFNE在血清生物标志物以及学习和记忆测试中显示出与其他干预组和对照药物相当的效果。不知何故，TQRFNE在与基因和蛋白质表达水平相关的脑生物标志物方面比那些干预组和对照药物更突出。因此，在HFCD中补充TQRFNE可改善记忆缺陷、脂质过氧化和可溶性Aβ水平，以及提高总抗氧化状态和抗氧化剂基因表达水平。
